Tesco Company Structure and Leadership Assignment

Tesco Company Structure and Leadership - Assignment Example All these official staff reports to the Group CEO and the Board of Directors. TESCO has a lot of official positions a reality that mirrors the group’s complex tasks. Tesco is sorted out progressively with and its hierarchical structure takes the state of an extremely tall pyramid. The Tesco couldn't have picked a superior chief that Philip Clarke to head the world second biggest basic food item chain in the serious business condition. Clarke started his vocation at Tesco in 1974 and has built up his authority abilities in the Tesco the executives preparing program (Tesco PLC 2014). His wide involvement with Retail the executives is probably the best quality as the CEO of Tesco. Since his arrangement as the CEO in March 2011, Tesco income has developed significantly and the grocery store has overwhelmed Carrefour to involve the situation of world biggest retail chain by income assortment and benefit. Tesco offers its clients a scope of items and benefits and has accompanied a few new Store ideas in the UK and in different areas where it works (Lowe and Wrigley 2009). Tesco today offers a modest other option and premium quality great in its own-mark item run. Tesco’s best line of food marks offers the best quality items at the most elevated level (Humby, Hunt and Phillips 2008). Tesco’s primary income bases have been mostly food things however they have as of late enhanced into the non-food advertise. As of late, retail chains have understood that non-food things have higher overall revenues than food things (Seth and Randall 2001). By 2004, Tesco was gaining 20% of their business income from non-food things (Humby, Hunt and Phillips 2008). Attire is among the quickest developing Tesco income streams with Cherokee, Florence and Fred catching in excess of 4 percent pieces of the pie in their first year of presentation (Ma, Ding and Hong 2010).

Cloud Computing Assignment †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Compose an exploration proposition about the Cloud Computing. Answer: Presentation: In this proposition, the adequacy of information sharing are depicted by the hypothesis of arranging conduct. Distributed computing is the best approach to store the information of any association as mists. It is the best approach to store and discover the information without any problem. Distributed computing isn't anything but difficult to execute so information sharing is critical to actualize a compelling distributed computing. It is utilizing in generally organizations now a days for the information stockpiling. The hypothesis of arranging conduct and the impacts of information sharing to receive the distributed computing are clarified here in detail. 1.1 Background of the investigation: In this serious market, associations are giving high need to the distributed computing so as to increase upper hands of the information stockpiling. As such, associations in various businesses, various associations are attempting to share the information on representatives to receive a distributed computing based on arranging conduct. 1.2 Problem Statement: At the point when any organization wishes to embrace the distributed computing innovation, at that point they face a great deal of difficulties to choose which sort of registering ought to be received by the organization and numerous different difficulties. It is difficult to investigate the need of distributed computing and to actualize a compelling registering. The supervisor of the associations face the issue of absence of information sharing which cause to bombed distributed computing usage. To comprehend the requirement for the distributed computing and the requirement for information sharing is the primary issue so this exploration proposition is being examined so take care of every one of those issues, (Dixon et al 2013). To dissect and share the information are the primary issues to take the correct choice to embrace the distributed computing. 1.3 Purpose of the examination: The reason for the examination is to portray the impacts of information sharing to receive the distributed computing. It is mind boggling to keep up the information into equipment so every organization needs to store the information in the cloud. So which sort of cloud ought to embrace by the organization is the fundamental issue. There is a compelling correspondence between the workers and the board of the organization. Along these lines, the reason for the exploration is to portray the conduct of the representatives while they are trading their view to embracing the distributed computing based on arranging conduct (Yao et al 2016). 1.4 Research Aims: The chief point of this exploration study is to think about the viability of the information sharing while an organization receives the distributed computing based on arranging conduct hypothesis (Khan et al 2014). 1.5 Research Objectives: To clarify the adequacy of the information sharing choice to receive new distributed computing in the organization To characterize the significance of the distributed computing in any organization To cause the administration to comprehend the significance of information sharing and the hypothesis of arranging conduct To execute a helpful distributed computing for an organization is the primary target of this exploration proposition by utilizing information sharing. 1.6 Research Questions: How to feature the focuses by utilizing which a free information sharing condition can make? What is the need to clarify the adequacy of the information sharing choice to embrace new distributed computing in the organization? What is the significance of the distributed computing in any organization? How to cause the administration to comprehend the significance of information sharing and the hypothesis of arranging conduct? 1.7 Significance of the Study: There was an issue in receiving the information sharing so this examination is directing. This exploration is directing for the examination of the conduct of representatives while they are getting ready for receiving the distributed computing or for the execution some other innovation. To take care of the issue in embracing the distributed computing, The essentialness of the examination is to determine all the variables which are the primary issues in receiving the distributed computing (Xu 2012). The essentialness of this examination is to dissect the issue and to comprehend the necessities of the distributed computing. With the goal that a correct choice for embracing a distributed computing can be settled based on hypothesis of arranging conduct. 1.8 Summary: In this segment, all the depiction about the subject of research is given. Here, the issue the announcement is depicted and the point or goals or reason for the examination are portrayed in detail. A total comprehension for inquire about program why the exploration is leading, talked about above in this area. LiteratureReview: 2.1 Introduction: In this area, the impacts of information sharing are portrayed by the hypothesis of the arranging conduct. Hypothesis of arranging conduct is portrayed in term of the conduct of representatives of an association. All the depiction is offered by the hypothesis of the arranging conduct and the report of the organizations where distributed computing is utilized. 2.2 Theory of Knowledge sharing: It is seen as one factor that influences each representative conduct of an organization. The conduct is a move which makes by the workers of an organization at the hour of embracing another innovation. It is useful to drive an activity of the person on a specific strategy (Garrison et al 2015). This hypothesis influences the conduct of the individual disposition towards sharing the information to receive a distributed computing for an organization. In this hypothesis, all the people share their perspectives to set up another innovation in any organization (Sultan 2013). Trust and responsibility are the most significant for conveying forward the information sharing between the units of the associations. There is some significant factor for the execution of the information sharing that is innovativeness and the supporting qualities. Association culture, association structure and the between unit cooperation are the key components of the information sharing and influence the information sharing. 2.3 Impacts of Knowledge Sharing: It influences the conduct of the representatives towards embracing another innovation. The perspectives on each worker can't be same. Everybody put its perspective to embrace distributed computing. The effect of distributed computing and the favorable circumstances and burdens are additionally given. In the business setting, it has picked up consideration among numerous researchers. It is genuinely examined in the working environments to receive another innovation (Chang et al 2013). The impacts of information sharing are awesome to receive a distributed computing. The people put their thoughts that distributed computing is a decent source to store the information of any organization. 2.4 Theory of arranging conduct: Hypothesis of arranging conduct is influenced and it is generally utilized methodology for the forecast of the human conduct and it shows the impacts of the information sharing. It is useful to explain the human conduct (Foltz et al 2015). This hypothesis is an augmentation and improvement gives the aftereffect of the contribution o that conduct which isn't actually right. This result is come about as a presentation of novel impacts that is seen as conduct control. To control the conduct of the people, this hypothesis is utilized in the associations so the information sharing cannot impact the choice to receive a distributed computing (Altman and Wohlwill 2012). 2.5 Concept of Cloud Computing: Open Cloud Computing: In the open cloud, the foundation of the registering is facilitated by the cloud seller and the information can be gotten to by general society. The information is put away as mists. The client can get to the data of the organization. This figuring foundation can be shared between any associations (Xu 2012). Private Cloud Computing: In this kind of distributed computing, the data can't be gotten to by any private client. The association won't share any data with the general population and the information of the organization is put away as the cloud. This cannot be shared by some other association. This sort o distributed computing is more costly than the open mists (Zissis and Lekkas 2012). Half breed Computing: This kind of distributed computing is the mistake of the general population and the private mists. In this sort of distributed computing, delicate data is facilitated in the private mists and the less touchy data is facilitated in the open mists. At the point when general society and private mists are utilized together then it is known as the cross breed distributed computing (Zissis and Lekkas 2012). 2.6 Implications of Cloud Computing: Distributed computing is utilized for the information stockpiling and the information is put away as the cloud. The information can discover effectively if the information is put away as the mists. It is an essential procedure to store the information. Be that as it may, to actualize the distributed computing is extremely troublesome and costly (Faludi 2013). Open mists can be executed effectively in less expense yet the open mists are not all that safe than others. Any open client can validate the data that has the substantial id and the secret word. So security is the principle issue in putting away the data. To actualize the half breed mists, there are inconveniences. Distributed computing is more than counsel in the innovation in the business. It speaks to all the change of the whole association, for example, individuals and procedure. Distributed computing assists with adjusting and update the frameworks for the information stockpiling. In any case, in business, distributed comp uting speaks to the hazard, it is valuable to move the data to the outsider for the verification that gives the capacity, preparing and support (Farmer and Chapman 2016). 2.7 Model of distributed computing: Distributed computing is known as the stack and to give the reaction to number of administrations. Distributed computing is critical to discover the information effectively and to make sure about the information over a system. The model of distributed computing is given underneath that can be embraced by any association. Distributed computing is the model that gives the entrance to the helpful and on-request system to the clients (Chang and Wills 2013). SaaS applications are produced for the end clients and PaaS applications are intended for coding and depl

How to Take Advantage of Good Editing Services

How to Take Advantage of Good Editing Services Paper Editing Services Are Your New Best Friend Paper Editing Services Are Your New Best Friend Good paper editing services can be your best friend when it comes to your school assignments, and many people don’t utilize those services as much as they could be. It might seem like a lot of extra effort for you to use a professional editing service, but the reality is that there are so many benefits you get to experience when you go for it. Here are some of those benefits that you may currently be missing out on. The Confidence You Need Research has indicated that the more feedback a student receives, the more autonomous and self-sufficient they become due to an increased level of confidence. This will be the same experience for you. When you hand in a paper that’s received sufficient constructive criticism and assistance, you are twice as confident that you’re going to get a great mark and ace your class. It’s an Extra Set of Eyes When you write your own paper, there is almost always going to be something that you overlook. This is not your fault! When it comes from our own mind, you’re used to seeing what you wrote, and may not catch on to any typos or spelling mistakes. A professional paper editor will provide a fresh set of eyes to catch all of those little tiny errors that can easily slip through the cracks. A Professional is on Your Side You may be the most talented writer in your class, but the fact of the matter is that an editing team has many years of professional experience performing this service for a variety of topics and industries. With a professional on your side, you have that extra teammate who is going to push you to the top using their own refined skills. You Can Always Send Them a Rough Draft If you just want a little help, and would like to write your paper on your own terms, you can always send your editing team a rough draft, in which they can provide you with feedback and edits that can build your writing skills. This is more of a collaborative approach, where you work together with your editing team to produce the most amazing, magical paper you have ever written in your life! Let Our Editing Services Speak For Themselves At Homework Help Global, we provide every service you could possibly need to turn in a paper that makes you feel confident and proud. This includes a team of experienced writers who are on hand to provide essay and paper editing services which will help you rest easy knowing that you’re handing in a paper that makes the grade. Get a quote for professional editing now and take a load off your shoulders. References: Deni, A. Zainal, Z. (2011). Peer-editing practice in the writing classroom: Benefits and drawbacks. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 2(1), pp. 92-107. Doi: 10.7575/aiac.alls.v.2n.1p.92 How to Take Advantage of Good Editing Services Paper Editing Services Are Your New Best Friend Paper Editing Services Are Your New Best Friend Good paper editing services can be your best friend when it comes to your school assignments, and many people don’t utilize those services as much as they could be. It might seem like a lot of extra effort for you to use a professional editing service, but the reality is that there are so many benefits you get to experience when you go for it. Here are some of those benefits that you may currently be missing out on. The Confidence You Need Research has indicated that the more feedback a student receives, the more autonomous and self-sufficient they become due to an increased level of confidence. This will be the same experience for you. When you hand in a paper that’s received sufficient constructive criticism and assistance, you are twice as confident that you’re going to get a great mark and ace your class. It’s an Extra Set of Eyes When you write your own paper, there is almost always going to be something that you overlook. This is not your fault! When it comes from our own mind, you’re used to seeing what you wrote, and may not catch on to any typos or spelling mistakes. A professional paper editor will provide a fresh set of eyes to catch all of those little tiny errors that can easily slip through the cracks. A Professional is on Your Side You may be the most talented writer in your class, but the fact of the matter is that an editing team has many years of professional experience performing this service for a variety of topics and industries. With a professional on your side, you have that extra teammate who is going to push you to the top using their own refined skills. You Can Always Send Them a Rough Draft If you just want a little help, and would like to write your paper on your own terms, you can always send your editing team a rough draft, in which they can provide you with feedback and edits that can build your writing skills. This is more of a collaborative approach, where you work together with your editing team to produce the most amazing, magical paper you have ever written in your life! Let Our Editing Services Speak For Themselves At Homework Help Global, we provide every service you could possibly need to turn in a paper that makes you feel confident and proud. This includes a team of experienced writers who are on hand to provide essay and paper editing services which will help you rest easy knowing that you’re handing in a paper that makes the grade. Get a quote for professional editing now and take a load off your shoulders. References: Deni, A. Zainal, Z. (2011). Peer-editing practice in the writing classroom: Benefits and drawbacks. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 2(1), pp. 92-107. Doi: 10.7575/aiac.alls.v.2n.1p.92

Merger Analysis Essay Example For Free At Magic Help - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2411 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: SWOT Analysis Essay Did you like this example? Mergers and acquisitions have long been an established form of corporate development to increase the strength of a business in an array of areas. The logic behind the Daimler and Chrysler merger was obvious, with Neubauer et al (2000) elaborating that it would potentially make the company an automobile powerhouse internationally and not just in mainland Europe. Furthermore, both companies felt that they were individually too small to challenge on a global scale in the long term. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Merger Analysis Essay Example For Free At Magic Help" essay for you Create order Chrysler were in agreement and believed the merger would generate enhanced prosperity. In 1998 Daimler paid $38 billion to takeover Chrysler in a horizontal merger (The Economist, 2000). The advantages of such a formidable merger are massive, with Gaughan (2007) believing that the primary benefits of a merger are synergy, value creation and competitive advantage. The merger of Disney and Pixar has symbolised these benefits with Barnes (2008) indicating that since 2006 Disneys stock rose by 28% in 2008 and revenue streams have continued to increase substantially. The two firms adopted a united approach, utilizing their expertise to increase the quality of their products. With Daimler ranked 17th and Chrysler 25th globally in 1988, the amalgamation would undoubtedly boost the value of the combined company, whilst also exploiting economies of scale which would allow the company to maximise profits, increasing share value. The sum of the whole was anticipated to be greater than the two p arts. The merger was claimed to be a merger of equals where the expertise and knowledge of the two companies would be combined to forge high quality marketable products. In reality this was not the case with Daimler thrusting their authority over Chrysler by installing German executives into senior positions within Chrysler. The scale of the failure of the DaimlerChrysler merger was illustrated when Daimler sold Chrysler to Cerberus for $7.8 billion in 2007, an astounding loss on what they had invested for Chrysler. Jensen and Ruback (1983. P.43) stated that on average target shares increase in price from 16% to 30% around the date of the tender offer. This does offer reasoning for why Daimler incurred such a loss. However, the issues are much more complex than this simple explanation. Jensen and Ruback (1983) believed such direct action was critical for corporate control. Sudarsanam and Mahates (2006) research would support this claim as they identified that hostile takeovers in nature tended to produce higher returns than a friendly takeover. From this aspect such a strong action was recommendable to achieve control. Johnson and Scholes (2000) believed a SWOT analysis was an effective method isolating the opportunities gained from a merger. Indeed such an analysis portrayed that the merger would allow massive market power growth, value creation and competitive advantage. A SWOT analysis in regards to the merger has been created below to illustrate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the merger. Daimler and Chrysler Merger SWOT Analysis Strengths Savings through economies of scale Large corporate brands Increased capital strength Competitive advantage through size Weaknesses Difficult to control and direct such a large organisation Two diverse cultures (European American) to infuse Different customer bases Opportunities Entry into new markets (Particularly Asia) and market expansion Innovation through combined expertise Potential to become a dominant market leader Threats Such a large merger can be high risk to the existence of both companies Newly formed DaimlerChrysler lacks any corporate identity, customers may not align with it Cultural Differences Matsumoto (1996, p.16) defined culture by stating that culture is the set of attitudes, values, beliefs and behaviours shared by a group of people, but different for each individual, communicated from one generation to the next. In contrast to the thought of Jensen and Ruback (1983) the ousting of management violated the long established culture within Chrysler, which in turn was the catalyst for the cataclysmic failure that was the DaimlerChrysler merger (Neubauer et al, 2000). Employees resisted the European style which caused great conflict and tension between the two organisations. Incidentally, this compromised the communication process, resulting in poor products and disappointing sales in relation to the size of the merger. Pritchett (1997, p.7) identified a failure rate of 61% in acquisition programs, with failure defined as not earning a significant return. This was very much the case for DaimlerChrysler, with the BBC (2000) reporting a record low share price of $42.79 fro m a high of $108 in 2000 for the company. Just two years into the merger performance was plummeting. The BBC (2000) also revealed that in contrast the merger of equals the Daimler chairman, Jurgen Schrempp actually viewed Chrysler as a division of Daimler and not as a partnership. As eluded to above, Schrempp directed Chrysler as a European company by replacing Jim Holden, the Chrysler president with Dieter Zetsche. Forcing this European style programme of change was greatly contested and fuelled disengagement from staff at Chrysler. Through Scheins (2010) theory of The Organisational Iceberg it is clear to isolate culture as an area which can be one of the most challenging barriers to introducing change. Schein (2010) attributed culture as part of the informal organisation which influences values, beliefs and conflict. If this is not confronted then attempt to integrate change will become extremely difficult (Senior and Swailes, 2000). Gertsen et al (1998) proposed that this fierce resistance to change was due to the fact that employees emphasise cultural differences to demonstrate their distinctiveness and social identity. Hofstedes (2002) Cultural Dimensions Theory found that culture within different organisations was influenced by which country they resided in. He developed the dimensions of national cultures which consisted of the power distance index, individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance index, masculinity vs femininity, long term orientation versus short term orientation and indulgence versus restraint. Hofstede (2002) found that these dimensions all varied in organisations depending on what their national identity was. From this it is clear to appreciate the huge problem of attempting to amalgamate a European and an American culture as there are so many variables. Daimler was very rigid and bureaucratic with Chrysler in contrast being much more informal. Daimler and Chrysler by their very cultures were incompatible, stressing the need for an effective change management programme. Haslam and Ellemers (2005) believed that there was positive correlation between the level of employees social identification towards the organisation and performance. It is apparent that a key reason for DaimlerChryslers drop in share price in 2000 was due to many of Chryslers employees seeing little association with themselves and their counterparts of Daimler. The companies in isolation varied in so many ways. For instance Daimler had a brand image of being a high end luxury brand while Chrysler was a low end cars and trucks manufacturer. These contrasts meant defining the very identity of the merger was plagued by paradoxs which meant both employees and customers failed to connect to DaimlerChrysler. Daimler had instilled a great emphasis on the operational and business synergies of the merger, seemingly ignoring the implications of culture. Human Resource Management The investment decision is one that is integral to any success of the allocation of capital by a company. Pike et al (2012) stated that the investment decision is the decision to commit the firms financial and other resources to a particular course of action. With culture being the predominant factor of the DaimlerChrysler mergers demise, the HRM policies of the chairman at any given time were equally responsible. Daimler had envisioned lucrative rises in profit yet they failed to invest in a strategic human resource management process which would introduce the desired change in an effective manner (Gaughan, 2005). Schuler and Jackson (2001, p.239) attributed the importance of HRM to the interpretation that companies today need to be fast growing, efficient, profitable, flexible, adaptable, future ready and have a dominant market position. HRM is critical to implementing these factors which the DaimlerChrysler merger had lacked greatly, providing evidence as to why in the 21st cent ury specifically that they crumbled. The transition of management and integration must be done in a systematic and people orientated approach (Schuler and Jackson, 2001). The HR issues associated with mergers can be categorised into two unique phases; Pre-Merger: Involves an analysis of the cultural differences and other issues such as the impact on employee morale. This stage reinforces the need for human resource planning as such an analysis would demonstrate major challenge. Solutions to such difficulties would be to modify the recruitment and development process whilst introducing specific appraisal systems. The protracted difficulties would be allocated an effective change management plan by the HRM department. However, Daimler critically undervalued this crucial aspect of a potential merger, which would have long term effects as explained. Post-Merger: The reality of the impact of the merger on HR related areas is revealed at this stage. The diverse HRM practices can uns ettle staff, with Chryslers staff resenting the European style of management, resulting in high levels of intransigence. Such emotional reaction diverts staff focus away from productivity, contributing heavily to laboured performance. The workshops devised by Daimler were not extensive enough to combat the massive cultural gap. It is imperative that strategic HRM is implemented to adjust a companys HRM strategy to that of the business strategy. For example Cisco has a culture constructed around risk taking and ambition. If they find that a protracted merger does not embody these values then they will refuse to force their culture on to a company, abandoning the prospect of the merger, such is the scale of problems which culture can present. There was also serious contemplation of separate headquarters such was the dismal level of communication between the two firms. Directions need to be from a centralised power source who is respected with Handy (1993) suggesting that this was t he ideal way to assume control and maintain effective decision making. Chryslers flat structure when compared to Daimlers hierarchical structure made it extremely difficult to initiate any HRM directives as both companies had different ways of doing so. The post-merger stage caused unprecedented difficulties for the merger as a result of little pre-merger analysis being undertaken. The cross-cultural differences were allowed to manifest into a massive concern with both Schrempp and Zetsche underperforming in their roles as chairmen of the merger. They distinctly did not commit their resources to developing training programmes which would have aided the alignment of Chryslers staff to that of the overall vision of Daimler. Tannenbaum and Yukl (1992) firmly contested that staff training was an area which should be reviewed regularly to ensure staff are being trained in accordance with the strategy of this business. Daimler did initiate HRM policies, but there was a lacking in depth. R egular staff appraisals and cross cultural learning days would have been methods of narrowing the gap between culture (Tannenbaum and Yukl, 1992). Conclusion From analysing the development and subsequent failure of the DaimlerChrysler merger it is abundantly clear that HRMs involvement in the change management process is integral. To overcome cultural issues, a tailored strategic HRM policy must be implemented such is the formidability of cultural factors. Daimler failed to realise just how potent the resistance of change can be and that as explained, originates from the informal structure of a company. It is undeniable that the Daimler and Chrysler merger had the potential to dominate the automobile industry due to their individually established size and profit margins. However, it was a mammoth failing as the two companies in reality were never able to amalgamate into a single corporate identity. AOL and Time Warner was a similar failing with the $164 billion deal eventually resulting in Warners stock diving by 80% (Bewkes, 2010). AOLs problem was that they did not anticipate that wireless internet and other relevant technology would revolutionise the broadband industry. They failed just like Daimler to analyse their threats and assess whether such a merger was of value. The Daimler and Chrysler merger was only a failure because Daimler underestimated the power that culture can forge. Strictly speaking, the merger for both companies was disastrous due to the stark culture gap, but equally so, this challenge was not managed effectively by the relevant departments. Perhaps the collapse of this huge merger can be embodied by Daimlers chief of passenger cars, Juergen Hubbert who is quoted as saying we have a clear understanding: one company, one vision, one chairman, two cultures (The Economist, 2000). Reference List Barnes, B. (2008) Disney and Pixar: The power of the prenup. The New York Times. [Online] Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/01/business/media/01pixar.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 BBC. (2000) DaimlerChrysler shares hit new low. [Online] Available from: https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1090975.stm Bewkes, J. (2010) AOL merger was the biggest mistake in corporate history, believes Time Warner chief Jeff Bewkes. Telegraph. [Online] Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/8031227/AOL-merger-was-the-biggest-mistake-in-corporate-history-believes-Time-Warner-chief-Jeff-Bewkes.html Gaughan, P.A. (2005) Mergers: What can go wrong and how to prevent it. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Gaughan, P.A. (2007) Mergers, acquisitions and corporate restructurings. 4th ed. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Gertsen, M.C., Soderberg, A.M. and Torp, J.E. (1998) Cultural dimensions of international mergers and acqui sitions. Berlin: De Gruyter. Handy, C. (1993) Understanding organizations. 4th ed. England: Penguin Books. Haslam, S.A. and Ellemers, N. (2005) Social identity in industrial and organizational psychology: Concepts, controversies and contributions. International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 20 (1), pp.39-118. Hofstede, G. (2002) Cultures consequences: Company values, behaviours, institutions and organizations across nations. 2nd ed. Great Britain: SAGE Publications, Inc. Jensen, M. and Ruback, R.S. (1983) The market for corporate control: The scientific evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 11 (4), pp.5-50. Johnson, G. and Scholes, K. (2000) Exploring corporate strategy. Harlow: Pearson education. Matsumoto, D. (1996) Culture and psychology. CA: Brooke/Cole. Neubauer, F., Steger, U. and Radler, G. (2000) The Daimler/Chrysler merger: The involvement of the boards. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 8 (4), pp.375-387. Pike, R., Neale, B. and Linsley, P.M. (2012) Corporate finance and investment: decisions and strategies. 7th ed. Great Britain: Pearson Education Pritchett, P. (1997) After the merger: The authoritative guide for integration success. Texas: Pritchett and Associates, Inc. Schein, E.H. (2010) Organizational culture and leadership. 4th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schuler, R and Jackson, S. (2001) HR issues and activities in mergers and acquisitions. European Management Journal, 19 (3), pp. 239-253. Senior, B. and Swailes, S. (2000) Organizational Change. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited. Sudarsanam, S. and Mahate, A.A. (2006) Are friendly acquisitions too bad for shareholders and managers? Long term value creation and top management turnover in hostile and friendly acquirers. British Journal of Management, 17 (1), pp.10-17. Tannenbaum, S and Yukl, G. (1992) Training and development in work organizations. Annual Review of Psychology, 43 (2), pp.339-441. T he Economist. (2000) The DaimlerChrysler emulsion. [Online] Available from: https://www.economist.com/node/341352

Essay on Help for Homeless Incarcerated Women - 885 Words

There was a guest speaker in the classroom by October 31, 2013. Her name was Nadia Valle. She was a representative of the non profit organization. The mission of the non profit organization helped incarcerated women successfully. The home place for incarcerated women from releasing prisons was majorly mission for the founder and CEO. The founder was a prisoner due to drug addictions and the death of five years old son. The death of five years old of son impacted her emotionally and mentally and then she decided to give up her life to drugs. Her name was Susan Burton. Nadia Valle looked up to her and was gladly to be a representative of the Wings of Women non profit organization in Tucson, Arizona. During Nadia’s presentation, she showed†¦show more content†¦Women found prisons better than homeless. Homeless left women high risks to sexual assaults. The majority of homeless men preyed on women. That was how women ended up living in prisons to protected their safety. S usan created the rules in her house program, for example, the shelter rule - not allowed prisoners to return the place after they leave on their own wills due to drugs using. One more thing, women were required to attend to the weekly meetings and remained sobers. Hence, providing the place for prisoners that changed their lives and they successfully found jobs, their child custody granted, and attended to schools. In United States, homeless population was and still currently skyrocketing in the world. The only developed country in the world did not have a solution. However, Americans created the solutions that would help the reducing homeless population. In the recent study in New York, researchers concluded the new information regarding to homeless women. The evidence showed that,â€Å"our study of the experiences in the year after release of 476 adult women returning home from New York City jails shows that both populations have low employment rates and incomes and high rearrest rates†(Am J Public Health, 2005). Researchers wanted to discover and gather the new information because of â€Å"Although almost 90% of those in jail are adult males, this study focused on male adolescents and women because they are the fastest-growingShow MoreRelatedPower, Authority, And Equality1629 Words   |  7 PagesPower, authority, and equality are all challenging and effortful goals that women continually fight for in many different societies. The progression of those goals are continuously improving, but there is still a separation between the power, authority, and equality granted to men and women. There are multiple different ways and methods used by feminist in their attempts to gain power, authority, and equality in all aspects of life. These aspects that feminist strive to improve are made possibleRead MoreOutreach And Revival Of Houston971 Words   |  4 Pagesthe city. That means more buildings, houses, apartments, more people. However, in Houston alone, the national Human Trafficking Resource Center tip line received more calls from this city than any other American city. What about knowing where the women prisoners get dropped off in Houston once released or the refugees fleeing from Burma into Houston? There are innumerable reasons why Houston is a city of outreach and revival. Human sex trafficking is often considered a form of modern-day slaveryRead MoreRunning Head : Consequences Of Crime1077 Words   |  5 Pageslife is affected by it in some way. Women are incarcerated for the same reasons as men but the problems that they face while incarcerated are vastly different. The number of women being incarcerated has grown in recent years yet the research for improving institutions for women has not. There are few programs in institutions that allow women to develop and remain in contact with their family but the majority of institutions do not. When women are incarcerated it affects their children, their familyRead MoreThe Conflict Between Military Life And Civilian Life983 Words   |  4 PagesFor many decades now, many brave men and women have joined the military in order to serve the country and protect the rights that are entitled to the American populace. However, when they return back to the states, some soldiers are not able to the cope between th e drastic differences between military life and civilian life; as a result, they can be homeless veterans living on the streets. The average citizens consider these veterans as just bums and consider them through the mindset of â€Å"out of sightRead MoreMale And Female Offenders Alike898 Words   |  4 Pagesfemale offenders alike are incarcerated every day for various reasons. Some commit violent crimes while others are arrested for drug use or public-order offenses. The difference between the two are the rates at which they are incarcerated, the length or harshness of their sentences, for the same or similar crimes committed, patterns of drug use, and previous correctional history. While men still lead in violent crime rates, 54.3 percent male verse 36.6 percent female, women are more likely than menRead MoreCultural Implications Of Dealing With Vulnerable Populations1530 Words   |  7 Pagesreality nurses are the most reliable people the vulnerable population trust during th e time of need. The vulnerable population include the mentally challenged, the unborn, those with few financial or social resources and those with cases as the incarcerated and the immigrants. The nurses also play an important role in promoting social justices. The nurses apply the ethical principles of justice to care for this venerable population with very limited funds. To provide nursing care to this populationRead MoreFemale Offenders : Involvement Within Criminal Justice System Essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesof Justice Statistics, females are account for 14 percent of the violent crimes. The growing rate of females incarceration calls for a critical evaluation of social impact of our nation’s increasing reliance on correctional facilities to deal with women involvement in crime. The challenges that females face in court system it different from males. When a female is under correctional supervision, she can face several challenges within her sentence. When females re enter the community they can face aRead MoreWilkes Society Adult Residential Reentry Center799 Words   |  4 Pagesinclude at-risk youth, homeless individuals, homeless veterans, and the families of these groups of people. The Alston Wilkes Society is a statewide non-profit organization, providing services to all 46 counties in South Carolina. The agency is accredited by The Council on Accreditation and The American Correctional Association. As a nonprofit 501(c) (3) organization, The Alston Wilkes Society is dedicated to serving offenders, former offenders, veterans, at-risk youth, the homeless, and families inRead MoreCultural Implications Of Dealing With Vulnerable Populations1419 Words   |  6 Pagesreality, nurses are the most reliable people the vulnerable population trust during the time of need. The vulnerable population includes the mentally challenged, the unborn, those with few financial or social resources and those with cases as the incarcerated and the immigrant s. The nurses also play an important role in promoting social justices. The nurses apply the ethical principles of justice to care for this venerable population with very limited funds. To provide nursing care to this populationRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Am I A Criminal?2178 Words   |  9 Pageslive on the streets and in public spaces and in addition include criminal penalties for violations of these laws. Instead of criminalizing the homeless and wasting millions of dollars, we should unite with advocates that are going to help protect those living on the streets and go head to head with those laws that strongly discriminate against the homeless. As human beings we can be selfish and we do not really care about matters that have little to do with our lives or affect us in a major way

Ponds’ Concept of Ideal Beauty Free Essays

Ponds’ Concept of Ideal Beauty through Its Product Ponds White Beauty It is a common knowledge that in several cultural products, such as movies, advertisements and other texts, women have become the center of focus most of the time. We all know that advertisement is one of the most important factors for both commercial and non-commercial companies, especially for commercial companies. If the companies do not advertise their products, the society will not pay attention to the products which are sold and the company will not be able to reach their goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Ponds’ Concept of Ideal Beauty or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is why companies must have their own way to market and promote their products to be able to compete in the global bussiness competition. They have to market their products and reach the â€Å"goal target†, but it is not easy though. By giving what people desire for, advertisers have the best chance of arresting attention and affecting communication to the viewers. Many advertisements broadcast in media especially television have created such notions. Advertisements are trying to build a mind set towards women to buy their products. Some of them are showing the things which are being sold, for example the packaging, the picture or the function, and some of them are trying to drive the customer’s mind. Nowadays, one of the most appealing phenomena is the promotion of whitening products. This kind of product has been widely spread out all over the world, mostly in Asian. The advertisements indirectly give the viewers a concept that underlines the concept of beauty; which is white is beauty. This notion appears to be quite influential for women, Asian women in particular, to buy their products. One of the most popular whitening products in Indonesia is Ponds. There are a lot of types Ponds products, however mostly are still focusing on enhacing women’s skin tone. Ponds Institute have established a lot types of whitening series; starting from Ponds White Beauty until the new one, Ponds Flawless White. The text that is going to be discussed in this essay is Ponds White Beauty commercial that is published in India. In every commercial, Ponds understands that it is women’s nature to always want to look and consider beautiful. Eventually, the definition of beauty has been ruled by the media, so those who follow the ideal beauty concept will be considered as beautiful. For most women who lived in a country that once was colonized by white people, beauty means white. Since most Asian women are colored-skin (dark skin), Ponds’ offer of â€Å"self-transformation† effectively enlarges the individual to include significant others and must become an extension of the personality and status of their occupants. If we related to historical background, we can draw red line through this kind of ideology of beauty. Most of Asians are colonized by the Western people. Most of Western people are white, then the feeling of inferiority is seen through this. Self-confidence of the women in Asia has been eroded; they would do anything to enhace their skin tone since they believe that being white will make them â€Å"superior†. They can define the superior as any kind of meaning but this superiority is only a vague impression. However, most of women do not realize this vague impression; they still keep living in the world of imaginary that stated white is better than color. They enjoy being exposed by the lie of media, in this case advertisement. Moreover, Ponds always uses the issue of the sacred link between beauty and romance. It can be seen from the comercial that the man is interested in the woman who is dancing cheerfully, since he has been staring at the woman before. Thus, when the old lady says that to him, he hardly belives her. Instead he asks, â€Å"How do you know? † The old lady reply, â€Å"Look at the glow! † The word â€Å"glow† means shines so bright. Our feeling is reflected on our face; when we are in a good feeling, our face will look bright and shiny, it also works otherwise. Getting married usually identical with joyful and happiness, the bride will be looking shiny, therefore the old lady relates the woman’s glow with the possibility that she ight be the bride. Then there is a woman’s that says, â€Å"â€Å"Actually it’s Ponds White Beauty Skin Lightening cream with detox vitamin that gives you nourished pink glow. † On the top left of the scene, we can read â€Å"Fall in love with the nourished pink glow. The underlined words are bigger than the non-underlined words, it shows that Ponds wants to emphasize on the benefit of the product (which is nourished pink glow on its users’ face). However, if the sentence is related to the advertisement, it can be assumed that the man does not actually fall in love with the woman, instead he falls in love with her ‘nourished pink glow’. Or it is the ‘nourished pink glow’ from the product that makes the man falls in love with the woman. We cannot conclude without regarding the product since the product is there and is shown to us. The promotion of this commercial successfully hegemonizes the society (in this case the viewer, particularly Asian women) that if they use Ponds White Beauty Detox, they will be looking beautiful for they have white skin and rossy cheeks. The viewers are made to believe that the man is not actually falling in love with the woan, instead he falls in love â€Å"with the nourished pink glow†. Here, Ponds tries to convey that beauty is not only white or pale white, but white with rossy color on the cheeks. Hereby, Ponds claims that only them who can give the pink glow to the customers. The customers do not realize that it actually leads them to the system that legitimates their subordination since the ideology that Ponds conveys here is promoting what so-called â€Å"universal beauty† that is based on ‘western culture†. The Western still becomes the rulling class, especially in its ex-colonized lands. What can be seen from Ponds commercial is the rulling class domination vs. The ruled class through imaginative representations The media in this case the commercial may be conceptualized for maintaining the ideology and thereby hegemonize the society. If there is a woman who bought the product as she is trying to get beautiful face (white with rossy cheek color on it), then the ideology that lies behind the product is hailed successfully. The messages in the described commercial itself hail the hypothetical viewer as a young woman who tries to get her love back. Then the commercial also hails her as a consumer who successfully proven the effectiveness of the product. The message seek to make the viewers recognized and accept particular forms of ideology, which are to sell the product and also to sell an ideology of â€Å"universal white beauty† along with romance. It can be seen how ideology is able to survive among those people who are following and believing it. Althusser’s ideological theory does allow for resistance to ideology, and the hypothetical women who watch Ponds ad may do so. The slogan of Ponds â€Å"Pond’s understands that a beautiful skin is always important to a woman† underlies the easiness of imposing the ideology that only Ponds can make you feel beauty. In some ways, the whiteness concepts of this cosmetic can be related to racism, since it is direct or indirect saying that white is better than â€Å"not white†. It is another form of racism where the mass media resents hegemonic concept of beauty (white skin) while claiming that racism is a thing of the past. Ideology is all around us, no one can escape ideology. Even when an individual wants to free himself or herself from any ideology, they are actually adapting and adopting another ideology. An understanding of its attributes and mechanisms, in the context of mass communication and other realms, may aid us in evading its influence, or using it to our ends. Ads as part of cultural production is the primary bearer of ideology because it reaches so many people in what seems to be an innocent form: entertainment. When we are being entertained in this case with the ads, our guard is down and we are in the most welcoming mode for any ideological programming. Cultural studies has been forced to rethink both idea of a single â€Å"dominant ideology† and the idea that that â€Å"dominant ideology serves the interests of those in power. *** REFERENCES Gray, Jennifer B. Althusser, Ideology, and Theoritical Foundation: Theory and Communication. The Journal of Media and Culture. Vol. 3 No. 1. 2005. Ponds. Taken from http://www. unilever. co. id/ourbrands/personalcare/ponds. asp. accessed on 17 March 2009. How to cite Ponds’ Concept of Ideal Beauty, Papers

Individual and Group Differences in Behavior

Question: Describe about the Individual and Group Differences in Behavior? Answer: Introduction Recent research on the Big Five traits has led to a renaissance of attention in the influence of personality and behaviour. The study of the whole assignment will go through the various sections of the big five personality factors, which will enable the learner to understand the basic concept of the factor. The study will briefly look at what traits are, how these was these personality factors determined, what is the meaning of the traits and how these big five approach predict about our behaviour (Anastasi, 2009). The history of the study of Big Five traits highlights that the trait theory is also known as dispositional theory. Gordon Allport, an early pioneer in the study of traits, also referred these elements as dispositions. Moreover, as per his approach cardinal traits shape and dominate the behaviour of individuals (Solso, 2009). The big five traits includes Openness which elaborates the depth, originality, breadth, and complexity of the experimental and mental life of an individual. Then is Conscientiousness that socially prescribed impulse control that facilities goal and task directed behaviour, such as delaying gratification, thinking about the outcome before acting. Extraversion is the traits such as activity, sociability, assertiveness, and positive emotionality is included within extraversion. Agreeableness is the division contrasts a communal orientation towards other individuals and includes various traits like trust, tender mindedness, altruism etc. Neuroticism highlights the emotional stability within the individuals, and includes the even temperedness with various negative emotions. Moreover, the study will also elaborate the description of the big five approach, which will clear up all further doubts of the study. Moreover, the main emphasis of the study will highlight the strength and limitations of the big five approach, which will cover a major part of the assignment. Moreover, various practical applications has been included within the study which has major link with the big five approach. The appropriate level to measure personality has been a point of contention in the psychological literature. While some argue for parsimony, which, is a line of research, has shown that increasing the number of factors in models of personality significantly improves predictions of behaviour. Other refinements, of the Five-Factor convention have compared the efficacy of Big Five traits with the facets that comprise those traits. While both measures are highly effective in predicting general behaviour, the facets demonstrate substantial improvement in prediction as well as specific beliefs, such as levels of prejudice (Birch Hayward, 2009). These applications are the relevant research journals that have been extracted after thorough investigation. Furthermore, the assignment will also help the learner to understand the amount of help that this approach provides along with the exact role of the approach in human life. Body of assignment The consistent patterns of feelings, actions or thoughts, which differentiate people from one another, are known as the traits. These various basic tendencies remain within an individual for a lifetime. The individual at times thinks of changing these traits due to various external pressures. The change in the traits is not an easy task and hence, is not completed by most of the individuals (Anastasi, 2011). The study of various journals concludes that almost 91 % of the individual fails to change their traits in a permanent manner. The reason for the need of the change in traits by various individuals arises due to the various demands of the person. However, various studies have also stated that changing traits of an individual is not an easy task to perform. However, various a massive percentages of individuals have changed their traits within a limited span of time, but the problem arises, as these changes are not permanent. The change in the trait happens due to the change in the demand and attitude towards life. This happens as the life style of the individual changes with time and so does their demand automatically. Therefore, it can be argued that the change in the habits and demand of the persons affects their lifestyle and their traits. There have been various academic perspectives in the section of behaviour psychology over the decades together with individual motivation, the entire person, and human being differences. The Big Five falls under the perception of individual differences (Corr, 2014). These present taxonomy of traits that several individuality psychologists propose the detaining of the essence of individual differences in character. The trait was evaluated through the factor analysis studies, which helped to understand the exact need and concept of the approach. Many researches in the recent time have tested the several other factors than the Big 5 theory. These researchers have found the other theories unreliable, which state the fact th at Big 5 theory is the only consistently reliable factor. The recent resurgence of personality in individual research rests on the shoulders of the Big Five framework. In this setting, personality can be conceived as a multi-faceted and enduring internal, or psychological, structure that influences behaviour, and personality traits can be used as the basic units of personality (De Raad, 2011). The approach which looks not only at the larger Big Five characteristics, but also lower-level characteristics which together comprise the Big Five dimensions has been stated within the study. Moreover, this can also be stated that this theory can be applied in various practical divisions, which will definitely provide a positive outcome. Research on the Big Five can be divided into four basic assumptions: that traits exist and are measureable, vary across individuals, shape behaviour, and people describing themselves or others can express traits. This approach has been replicated across a var iety of languages and sub - populations, as well as being stable through the life cycle, with potential biological and genetic determinants. Moreover, a practical consideration is whether the Big Five is being measured appropriately, given the limited findings for some of the Big Five characteristics (Hong, Paunonen Slade, 2012). The growth of Big Five studies has been bolstered by the ability of researchers to ostensibly capture the characteristics in a parsimonious way with each being measured by a few items. This can be argued that this approach improves upon the constraints of the simplified measures employed by various researchers. The traits of the Big Five can be captured better by utilizing the facet measures, resulting in improved trait scales. Further, given that variation should exist within each trait, incorporating facets provides an opportunity to capture the sub-components of the Big Five traits. Not all extraverts are the same, nor is everyone extraverted in every situation. In order to understand why and the implications for political behaviour necessitates digging deeper than simply looking at the Big Five (Lounsbury, 2012). Brief description of the big five approach The big five factors are used by various researchers to describe the personality of the human beings in the field of psychology. The factors are stated below: Openness This section elaborates the depth, originality, breadth, and complexity of the experimental and mental life of an individual. This characteristic relates to ones open-mindedness to the world around them; how open they are to learning, as well as their general cognitive orientations. Those higher in Openness are predisposed to creative, curiosity, and imagination valuing experiences and exploration of the unfamiliar. Politically, lower levels of this characteristic have been connected to conservatism while higher levels predict a tendency toward liberalism (Khorramdel von Davier, 2014). Subsequently, we expect that higher levels of openness should increase the likelihood of one identifying as a Democrat, having liberal ideology, and supporting liberal Democratic candidates. Conscientiousness The socially prescribed impulse control that facilities goal and task directed behaviour, such as delaying gratification, thinking about the outcome before acting, rules, prioritizing tasks etc. comes under the section of Conscientiousness. Conscientiousness is socially prescribed impulse control that facilitates task- and goal-directed behaviour. Conscientious individuals are said to be efficient, rational, and well-organized, with higher levels of performance in school and jobs. Those higher in Conscientiousness also tend to be risk averse. Politically, Conscientiousness is thought to act in the inverse manner as openness to experience: higher levels lead to beliefs in personal responsibility, tradition, virtue, and thus conservatism (Margolis, 2013). Individuals higher in Conscientiousness provide support for this view. Subsequently, we would expect Conscientiousness to predict an increased likelihood of identifying as a Republican, or conservative, and as well as increased support for Republican candidates. Extraversion The traits such as activity, sociability, assertiveness, and positive emotionality is included within extraversion. This division also implies an energetic approach to the material and social world. As with the models considering the relationship between personality and political affect, Extraversion appears to matter only for views toward the individuals (Mica, Amiga Caselles, 2014). More specifically, under the broader umbrella of Extraversion, we see that individuals who are predisposed toward excitement (those who like being part of large, boisterous crowds) are more likely to be supported. Agreeableness This division contrasts a communal orientation towards other individuals and includes various traits like trust, tender mindedness, altruism etc. However, agreeableness is seen as one of the least understood traits. Broadly, it is thought to cover how one manages interpersonal relationships, particularly the degree of trust placed in others and conflict avoidance, as well as pro-social orientations generally (Cooper, 2012). Politically, it is thought to be relevant for evaluations of candidates, particularly those who emphasize social welfare policies given its emphasis on thoughts of others and was shown to increase preferences. Neuroticism This highlights the emotional stability within the individuals, and includes the even temperedness with various negative emotions. This also includes various feelings such as being nervous, getting tense, feeling sad etc (Gulfbend.org, 2015). The Emotional Stability is also referred to as Neuroticism. This trait contrasts the even-temperedness with negative emotionality. Those lower in this trait are thought to be anxious, disposed to feeling sad, and have poor coping mechanisms in times of stress. While these characteristics affect levels of impulsive behaviour, and can affect social status in groups. However, politically, Emotional Stability is an inconsistent predictor. Contrasting with Emotional Stability, Extraversion is an energetic approach toward the social and material world. Extraverted individuals, unsurprisingly, are described as outgoing, energetic, and sociable. Moreover, they enjoy the company of others, crave stimulation, and prefer leadership role (Solso, 2009). While Extraversion has been related to particular social behaviours, including risk-taking and higher levels of membership in groups. While some of the Big Five traits, particularly Extraversion and Openness to Experience have been shown to consistently predict political behaviour; other components (Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Emotional Stability) appear far less influential. Analyzing facets may lend insight into how other parts of personality influence behaviour. Figure 1: Big five factors (Source: Eysenck, 2013) Strength and limitations of the approach These approach has proved itself to be one of the most logical and positive element among all other various approaches. However, these approaches consist of various limitations and strength, which has been detailed below: Strength The major strength of the approach is the certain constructive order it brings to the measurement of a human being. The approach has the ability to determine various traits of human and this was examined by various researches over the time, which came out with a positive result. Personality is a complex element that requires detail to fully capture the underlying variation in characteristics (Robinson, 2012). Within each of the Big Five domains are sub-dimensions, which may reflect interpersonal or temperamental dispositions. Thus, measuring personality - using facets will improve our ability to attribute political behaviour to personality characteristics. Incorporating facets into measurement may also shed light on an empirical puzzle of personality (Hutton, 2012). Furthermore, the other strength of the approach is that it has the ability to judge almost all the traits of the individuals, which highlights its capabilities to even more in the near future. The model not only has the ability to judge the various traits of human beings but at the same time also is capable of monitoring the change in these traits of an individual. Limitations This is one of the topic upon which various researches have been conducted in order to find out the loophole of the approach. However, some of the research has come up with the limitation of the approach but most of the research has not been able to find any sort of new limitation of the approach. This certainly means that the approach does not have any major limitation. The major limitation of the approach is that it does not have the capability to evaluate one of the traits of human being, which is the sense of humour. Moreover, it has been also seen that negative correlations often appear within Extroversion and Neuroticism. This indicates that the individuals who are less talkative and outgoing have major chance to experience negative emotions (Teovanovic, 2014). This has proved to be one of the major limitations of the approach, as this does not get applicable in the practical life. Another major drawback of the approach is that the Big Five do not have the capability to explain all the human personality and hence, do not get applicable at all point of time. The model has also been dissented by some psychologists. The reason behind this is that the model neglects various personal traits like Honesty, Sense of humour, Conservativeness, Religiosity etc. Practical applications of the theory The researchers have worked upon this approach for quiet a time and have succeeded in finding the various loopholes and drawbacks of the model. On the other hand, the findings are minor and have not exceeded in the future researches. Despite a more recent focus on the behavioural implications of personality, research on the influence of personality traits has not ignored how these characteristics link to more foundational components (Eysenck, 2013). While connections between personality and ideological identification have not appeared to cut across all traits, there has been sufficient evidence of connections for us to derive the expectations for each of the Big Five elements. One of the most practical applications of the theory can be judged when the Agreeableness and the Neuroticism of the study is judged. The Neuroticism states that individuals are exposed to the various affections such as trust, being nervous, getting tense, and feeling sad. This certainly shows that the model has the ability to judge human beings to a massive extent (Kunzendorf Wallace, 2010). The practical implication of the theory gets even more intense as the study further stated that these affections within an human being is subject to changes and do not stay in a stable manner for a long span of time. The section of Agreeableness lists various traits such as trust, tender mindedness, altruism within it. This section also states that these traits within an individual is not permanent and is does change massively with time. Therefore, it can be said that the theory has a huge ability to list the various practical nature of the individuals. The statement can also be evaluated with the daily life of the individuals, which will prove the fact that persons do use these traits for a minimum span of time (Skehan, 2009). However, some extra ordinary case arises where various individuals have found to have these traits within them in a fixed manner. lusion The expanded instrument compares to recent measurement of the Big Five in replicated analysis. The strategy, we asserted, has shed light on the underlying characteristics driving the previously observed relationships between various personalities. Moreover, the study also has potentially uncovered various relationships that have gone unobserved previously due to the simplified measurement of personality. The study also concludes that the big five concept is applicable to a major percentage in practical life. On the other hand, the approach also has some loopholes and drawbacks as it do not have the capability to indulge the traits such as honesty, sense of humour etc. The study also concluded that the strength of the approach has the ability to determine various traits of human and this was examined by various researches over the time, which came out with a positive result. Reference List Books Anastasi, A. (2009). Differential psychology; individual and group differences in behavior. New York: Macmillan. Anastasi, A. (2011). Individual differences. New York: Wiley. Birch, A., Hayward, S. (2009). Individual differences. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Cooper, C. (2012). Individual differences. London: Arnold. Eysenck, M. (2013). Individual differences. Hove, UK: L. Erlbaum Associates. Kunzendorf, R., Wallace, B. (2010). Individual differences in conscious experience. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Robinson, P. (2012). Individual differences and instructed language learning. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Skehan, P. (2009). Individual differences in second-language learning. London: Edward Arnold. Journals Corr, P. (2014). Individual differences: normal and abnormal. Personality And Individual Differences, 17(4), 585. De Raad, B. (2011). Big Five approaches . European Psychologist, 3(2), 113-124. Hong, R., Paunonen, S., Slade, H. (2012). Big Five personality factors and the prediction of behavior: A multitraitmultimethod approach. Personality And Individual Differences, 45(2), 160-166. Khorramdel, L., von Davier, M. (2014). Measuring Response Styles Across the Big Five Multivariate Behavioral Research, 49(2), 161-177. doi:10.1080/00273171.2013.866536 Lounsbury, J. (2012). Book Review: The Big Five personality factors (The psycholexical approach to personality). Journal Of Psychoeducational Assessment, 20(3), 309-311. Margolis, A. (2013). Five misconceptions about big five concept: Why we need a people-centred approach to Big  Data. Ethnographic Praxis In Industry Conference Proceedings, 2013(1), 32-43. Mic, J., Amig, S., Caselles, A. (2014). From the Big Five to the General Factor of Personality: a Dynamic Approach. The Spanish Journal Of Psychology, 17. Solso, R. (2009). Individual differences in cognition. Personality And Individual Differences, 9(2), 446. Hutton, R. (2012). Supplemental Material for Separating Method Factors and Higher Order Traits of the Big Five: A Meta-Analytic MultitraitMultimethod Approach. (2011). Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology. Teovanovic, P. (2014). Anchoring effect: Individual differences approach. Personality And Individual Differences, 60, S77. Website Gulfbend.org,. (2015). Big Five Personality Traits - Psychological Testing. Retrieved 28 June 2015, from https://www.gulfbend.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=docid=8948cn=18