The Benefits of Financial Aid Essay Samples Psychology

The Benefits of Financial Aid Essay Samples Psychology The Financial Aid Essay Samples Psychology Game When you learn the methods to compose an essay, there are only a few things that have to be considered beforehand. For instance, some folks, I included, sometimes use it in order to draw attention to their most recent blog post along with providing the sensation of being. In summary, Twitter is transforming the everyday lives of those using the service and is going to have a gigantic international effect on how millions of individuals relate to one another. It's been said that the reason behind the huge quantity of students leaving the question blank is due to the confusing fashion where the question was asked. There are others around who can still create the world a better place. Tell them a real story of the huge things you have done. Be certain that your essay is neatly typed, and that there's plenty of white space' on the webpage. Think about finally buying something, after you are finished, that you've been contemplating buying for quite a while but couldn't buy it for some reason. If you know the appropriate means to compose a finance essay, you also have to understand how to respond to a number of the inquiries about the subject, since a noble conclusion isn't going to leave any inquiry unanswered. Rather, you need to focus on articulating detailed reasons that are particular to your circumstance. Occasionally there'll be overlap with different answers, and you'll need to use your judgment on the level to which you should reiterate important ideas. Edit carefully, and provide the readers a complete view of your circumstance. More employers will be eager to hire you and offer much better pay packages. If you get a financial aid need, they will supply you with need-based aid. This aid is given to students because neither they nor their families have all the resources required to cover a college education. Financial aid is money in the shape of loans, grants and employment that's available to a student to help pay the price of attending. The worth of education is something I have understood since an extremely young age. The most important advantage of scholarships is that you receive money but do not need to pay anything back like with loans, as an example. Finally, in addition, there are some colleges that provide awards from their own funds or from money received from several organizations. Some scholarships will just request a statement of financial need. Financial Aid Essay Samples Psychology for Dummies College is extremely expensive. Speak about your career targets, if at all possible. Or if there's a football match or some other game that it is possible to go to. You don't need to pay the money back. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. As a prospective student, it's your duty to make sure you pick the one that will fulfill your professional targets. These students have families they will need to support. Loans are borrowed money that has to be repaid over a time period, usually after the student leaves school. Student loans are always an alternative, but a little creativity is all that is required to create the college experience significantly cheaper. Make certain you tie your particular objectives to other elements of your application. The college application procedure is competitive. It should be completed at least one month prior to the semester you are planning to attend. Your application needs to be typewritten and neat. You will have to submit an application for financial aid each year by completing a FAFSA. There are several sorts of scholarships that are readily available.

The Mathematical Aspects of Lewis Carrolls Alice in...

The Mathematical Aspects of Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland The story Alice in Wonderland was written about a little girl named Alice who was a child of the dean of the Church of Christ. Alice Liddell was the one who convinced Charles Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) to write down the verbal story originally known as Alices Adventure Underground.Actually, the book is known by several different names, Alices Hours in Elfand,Alices Adventures in Wonderland, and Alice in Wonderland.I found it interesting that the Mid-Continent Public Library once listed the book under Lewis Carroll and has recently changed it to Charles L. Dodgson. If one looks on the side of the book, Carroll was actually crossed off and Dodgson written over(Lewis†¦show more content†¦Carroll has referred to Alices knowledge on several different occasion in order to take the story beyond the typical fairytale(Carroll 1-4). At this point Alice has made her way down the hall to find a small door.Alice turns around to find a bottle with a notethat states drink me: It was very well to say DRINK ME but the wise little Alice was not going to do that in a hurry.No, Ill look first. she said, and see whether its marked POISON or not(Carroll 9-10).From this quote there are two issues to be discussed. First, is Alices ability to problem solve.Alice is aware of the dangers of foreign substances and by the use of logical reasoning decides to smell the drink first before consuming.This is another issue where Carroll demonstrates his intelligence through Alices knowledge(Carroll 9-10).The second isanalyzing an argument.In the contemporary math book we discussed the use of logical connectives.These logical connectives are negation, conjunction, disjunction, and conditional, which are used as followed not, and, or,and if, then situations.We can write a argument using symbolic form and construction of a simple truth tab le(Johnson/Mowry 18-32). p : You drink bottle. q : It is poison. Analyzing an argument by the use of a truth table. First : pqIf you drink the bottle,then it is not poison. (v) or second :qp If it is poison,then you dont drink the bottle. p qShow MoreRelatedAlice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass2525 Words   |  11 Pagesrestrictions can show us who were really are and how we perceive the world around us. Lewis Carroll uses these fantastical thoughts as a foundation for that of Wonderland, a bizarre and seemingly absurd world in which, Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland and the sequel, Through the Looking Glass occur. These novels both depict the journey and adventure of a young girl named Alice. In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Alice spots a White Rabbit while reading in a meadow. Due to her curiosity, she followsRead More Lewis Carrolls Through the Looking Glass Essay3377 Words   |  14 PagesLewis Carrolls Through the Looking Glass â€Å"If it was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn’t, it ain’t. That’s logic,† according to Tweedledee, a character in Lewis Carroll’s famous children’s work Through the Looking Glass (Complete Works 181). Of course, Lewis Carroll is most well known for that particular book, and maybe even more so for the first Alice book, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. The connection between Lewis Carroll and logic is lessRead MoreTaking a Look at Lewis Carroll1960 Words   |  8 PagesLewis Carroll was born on January 27, 1832, as Charles Lutwidge Dodgson to a family of workers in the army and Church (and a whole family full of Charles’). His great-grandfather, also Charles Dodgson, had been a bishop. His grandfather, another Charles Dodgson, had been an army captain and ended up being killed in battle, leaving two children behind. The elder son, Charles, went to Westminster and then Oxford. This Charles married his cousin in 1827 and became a country parson. Out of this marriageRead More «Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland »7735 Words   |  31 PagesMINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE IVAN FRANKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LVIV ENGLISH DEPARTMENT LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC DEVICES IN LEWIS CAROLL’S NOVEL  «ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND » COURSE PAPER PRESENTED BY

Importance of Note-Taking And Paraphrasing in Lear

Question: Discuss about theImportance of Note-Taking And Paraphrasing in Lear. Answer: Note-taking and Paraphrasing Academic Resources Strategies and their Impact on Learning Introduction There are several learning strategies for learners. Some students understand by taking notes while others prefer visual materials. The most common learning strategies are note-taking and paraphrasing. Good note-taking and paraphrasing strategies are essential parts of learning for students. A student might be overwhelmed by the coursework if the reading materials are not summarized. It is not possible to read volumes of books from cover to cover within a limited period. Students are not expected to internalize all the information given in class or accessed from reading resources. Paraphrased work is written in a language that the student understands. Paraphrasing shows that the student has clearly understood the information (Keira,1997). Developing good note-taking and paraphrasing saves time for the student when revisiting the reading materials for revision. Good notes are brief and precise. Well paraphrased work is properly cited and in simple language (Erickson Strommer,1991). This paper looks at the importance of note-taking and paraphrasing to effectively summarize academic resources. The paper explores different note-taking and paraphrasing strategies. Learning goes beyond understanding the contents of a book or journal. According to SACE Board of SA (2012), learning requires comprehension and expressing the understanding in ones own words. The Importance of Note-Taking and Paraphrasing in Summarizing Academic Resources The most important reason is to have a record for future use. Every student needs to revise for the examinations consistently. A well-organized and brief record will be an advantage in the intense exam period. It is impossible to read a book to the end and understand the contents at the same time over a short period and under pressure. A paraphrased summary is usually written is the students own simple language. This means that the learner will not struggle to understand the contents while revising. For learning to be effective, frequent revision must be incorporated (Piolat Kellogy, 2004). For revision to take place, a proper understanding of the target topic must take place. Proper understanding is demonstrated by good note-taking and paraphrasing and composing a summary. Note-taking enhances a learners organization skills. The learner should read and write at the same time. The learner should also arrange the notes systematically to make sense. The learner acquires the ability to multitask. Studies have shown that students who take notes gain more information and process it better that those who use laptops. According to Cindi May (2003), the old school way is more efficient because the student is able to rewrite content with symbols and words that are familiar. The laptop is more limiting when it comes to expressing emotions and originality than handwriting. Students who use the longhand method are likely to be more focused on the note-taking task as compared to those using laptops. A laptop has many distractions, unlike a book. These distractions might lead to shallow notes. The second importance of good note-taking and paraphrasing is to focus attention. When reading, it is natural for ones mind to wander off (CaryCarlson,2001). One might think of financial problems, social life or awaiting workload. Good note-taking and paraphrasing require maximum concentration and comprehension. A learner can concentrate better while trying to comprehend the reading material. The writing keeps the reader focused. This strategy helps the reader to be active and to gather as much information as possible. Paraphrasing requires internalizing information and putting it out according to the learners understanding (Hadwin Woodhouse,1999). A learner should aim at developing proper note-taking and paraphrasing strategies to avoid meaningless reading. Developing good note-taking and paraphrasing strategies require focus, understanding, and organization. Effective summarization of academic resources is delicate. The information, in summary, is an overview of the full text. One must be careful not to eliminate the relevant information (Cary Carlson,2001). On the other hand, one must learn how to eliminate opinions and examples. This strategy results into useful and effective summaries. The first step to an effective summary is paraphrasing. From the paraphrased information, a learner can derive notes with ease. These strategies make learning less stressful and save time (PiolatKellogy,2004).A summary is as a result of paraphrasing and note-taking. This is because a summary is a highlight of the main topic. A reviews main purpose is to give a rough idea of the main topic. The hint refreshes the learners memory. The third reason for proper note-taking and paraphrasing is to save time in the future. A student is required to take tests and complete all coursework at the end of a semester. The exam period may be overwhelming. Short and precise notes come in handy during this period. All the learners need to do is to refresh their memories since they had already internalized the contents of the reading materials and summarized them effectively (Erickson Strommer,1991). A quick review of a summary is enough to prepare a student for the examinations. While note-taking and paraphrasing, a student can elaborate information (TitworthKiewra,2004). Paraphrasing is an important element of academic writing(SACE,2012). The reason learners paraphrase is to avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is defined as using someone elses work and passing it as ones own. Paraphrasing another writers work without proper citations is plagiarism (BretagCarapiet,2007). Proper paraphrasing and recognition of the original writer are allowed in academic writing. It is important for students to learn how to paraphrase correctly to avoid penalties that come along with plagiarism. Paraphrasing is also important in the provision of evidence (Titworth and Kiewra,2004). A learner must provide proof of information, and this can only be achieved by referencing previous works. Paraphrasing is important to show recognition of past studies. Finally, note-taking and paraphrasing are important in improving vocabulary (Hadwin Woodhouse, 1999). When a student is paraphrasing, a dictionary is an important asset, especially in complex materials. The student notes the new words and can use the words in other contexts in the future. Complex learning sources need to be broken down to simple language for future reference. A thesaurus and a dictionary should be selected according to the learners level. An advanced level dictionary is not recommended because it only complicates the resources further. A student may opt for the easy way out by sharing notes with other course mates. This shortcut does not work because every student takes notes according to how they understand a point. The understanding of one learner may be confusing to another. There have been critics of the methods of taking notes and paraphrasing. One such study advocates for retrieval practice. This method involves putting away all notes and resources and trying to remember information without referring to the notes. The study tries to explain that referring to books and notes encourages cramming. The study goes further to explain that expressing ideas without referring to a source demonstrates better a understanding of a topic. This idea has been dismissed by tutors who believe that note-taking and paraphrasing work for all students, unlike the above-mentioned idea that favors fast learners (Brown et al.,2014).Learning should focus on all students and their learning abilities. An exam period is intense, and a learner may be too nervous to remember past materials. Brief and precise notes come in handy. Conclusion Students who fail to take notes do not do well as compared to their counterparts who take notes. As this paper has demonstrated, note-taking enables a student to have a better understanding of what is being studied. Note-taking enables long-term comprehension of a topic. The focus and attention that is required while paraphrasing sharpens a learners mind and enables the learner to take in more information. Good note-taking and paraphrasing involve sieving unnecessary information from the most important information. Poor note-taking is a great disadvantage for any student. Unorganized notes will lead to confusion in the future. The record will not be viable for future use. Students should put emphasis on taking good notes. Good notes have features such as brevity, preciseness, accuracy, and organization. Learning is a process and internalizing everything is impossible .Paraphrasing and note-taking enhance reading skills. These strategies keep a student on focus and enhance comprehension. These two strategies discourage shortcuts such as recordings and note-sharing. Students are encouraged to rely on their minds as well as sharpen their skills. Proper paraphrasing is the surest way to avoid plagiarism. References Bretag, T., Carapiet ,S.(2007),A Preliminary Study to Determine the Extent of Self- Plagiarism in Australian Academic Research, Plagiary: Cross Disciplinary Studies in Plagiarism vol 2(5) Retrieved from https://www.plagiarism/brookes.pdf Brown, P., Roediger, H., McDonald, M .,(2014), Make it Stick: The Science of Successful Learning London: Belknap Press Cary,M. ,Carlson,R.(2001), Distributing Working Memory Resources During Problem Solving. A Journal of Experimental Psychology 25(4) 1053-1070 Erickson,B., Strommer,D.(1991) Teaching College Freshmen San francisco: Jossey-Bass Hadwin, A., Woodhouse, R.(1999), Individual Differences in Note-Taking Summarization and Learning from Lectures. Alberta Journal of Educational Research 45(5),1-17 Keira,K.(1997), Learning How to Learn: Presentation to Campus-wide TA Workshop Lincoln: University Of Nebraska May, C.(2003), A Learners secret: Dont Take Notes with a Laptop Charleston: University of Charleston Piolat,A.,Kellogy, R.(2004), Cognitive Effort of Note-Taking: Applied Cognitive Psychology,8,1-22 Titworth,B.,Kierwa,K.(2004),Organizational Lecture Cues and Note-Taking Facilitate Student Information Processing, A journal of Contemporary Education Psychology 29,447-461 SACE Board of SA (2012), Guidelines for Referencing. South Australia :SACE

The Effects Of Video Games On The Heart Essay Example For Students

The Effects Of Video Games On The Heart Essay The Effects of Video Gameson the Heart For: Piedmont AcademyScience ProjectNovember 30, 1999The Effects of Video Games on the Heart In order to determine the effects of video games on the heart, wemust look at several different things. First, we must determine which specific areas we want to investigate. Looking at increased heart rate and blood pressure, we need to determine the average maximum heart rate for the age group being tested. We must determine what factors can cause ones heart rate to increase, and we must look at the current studies in regard to the various social effects of video and other electronic games. We will write a custom essay on The Effects Of Video Games On The Heart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The main way that we increase our heart rate is through exercise, and even then health care professionals recognize the importance of pacing yourself. In order to pace yourself, you must determine your target heart rate. To do this, you must measure your pulse periodically as you exercise and stay within 50 to 75 percent of you maximum heart rate. A simple rule of thumb is if you can talk and walk at the same time, you are not working too hard. If you can sing and maintain your level of effort, you are probably not working hard enough. If you get out of breath quickly, you are probably working too hard, especially if you have to stop and catch your breath. The target heart rate chart is broken down from twenty years of age to seventy years. The target heart rate zone of fifty to seventy-five percent for people of twenty years is 100-150 beats per minute with the average maximum heart rate of 100% at 200 beats per minute. The second main contributor to increasing your heart rate is through stress. Doctors have determined that the problem with stress is that our body thinks we are still cavemen. There hasnt been time for us to evolve physiologically from the high-threat, short-duration stress situations that primitive man faced to the relatively low-threat, long-duration stresses of modern society. When your body receives a message that you are under stress, it automatically thinks you are going to do one of two things, fight or run away. The body does not know how to temper its response to deal with the week-long pressure of dooming deadlines or other stresses that we deal with daily. This overkill response, in time, takes a physical toll, especially on the cardiovascular system. When you are under stress, you are not thriving. Your blood pressure is elevated, your blood clotting mechanism is working at full force, your heart is beating faster than normal and your metabolic rate is up. Keep it for hours and you will be exhausted, for years and you are headed for a heart attack. Doctors place stress as the secondary risk factor for heart disease. Stress and video games often go hand in hand. During the last several decades, video games have emerged as one of the most popular forms of adolescent entertainment. In the United States alone, video game revenues total ten billion dollars annually. On the average, children who have home video games play with them approximately ninety minutes a day. Some of the trends in game playing are disturbing some observers. A 1993 study asked 357 seventh and eight graders to list their preferences among five categories of video games. The study found that fantasy violence topped the list at thirty-two percent. It also find that boys who play violent games tend to have a lower self-concept in the areas of academic ability, peer acceptance and behavior. The most interesting is the possible link between playing violent video games and subsequent aggressive behavior. Boys aged eight to fourteen are the core audience for video games. .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 , .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .postImageUrl , .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 , .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578:hover , .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578:visited , .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578:active { border:0!important; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578:active , .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578 .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b07612ffceb5a2caf24e1f4ecea6578:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Controversy Of The Lgbt Community EssayAnother study found that a series of three video games played under three increasing levels of stress elicited progressively higher values of blood pressure and heart rate. Both the race and gender of the subjects affected the reactivity. Heavy video game players have a difficult time with the regard to discharging aggression, and have a lower frustration tolerance. It has been found that hostility is increased when playing highly aggressive video games and mildly aggressive games. Subjects playing the high aggression game were much more anxious than the other subjects. In one study, the researcher found that not only did the heart rates of the participants increase while playing video games, but also the rates of those merely watching the game increased. The study demonstrated clear differences between playing the violent game over a non-violent game. The study also demonstrated strong differences between playing and watching the games in violent verses non-violent games. Physiological data points to large differences in the intensity of physiological response to violent games over non-violent games. One potential inference that may be drawn is that the violent content is more demanding of the player and therein lies the increased physiological response. The violent play field is one where the player must always be on guard, any lack of attention will result in the end of a turn. This dynamic of the violent play field insures that the violent games will have greater feedback and interaction with the player. The non-violent games allow time for thought and are not as demanding on the player. This does not present the player with the need of defensive posture all the time. Other research has suggested that playing video games may affect some childrens physical functioning. Effects have ranged from triggering epileptic seizures to causing heart rate and blood pressure changes. Serious adverse physical effects are limited to a small number of players. A new study suggests that watching the most violent video games may leave children more prone to heart problems later in life. Researchers measured blood chemicals of sixty students, before and after playing violent video games and found that the adrenaline levels increased by as much as nineteen percent. Many doctors agree that this is not good for the heart. Over a period of time, people with these elevated levels may be at a higher risk for high blood pressure later in life. Adrenaline is produced by the body when one becomes excited, scared, nervous or agitated. High blood pressure, or hypertension, if gone untreated places one at a high risk for the development of a disabling or fatal disease. Unfortunately, hypertension is often overlooked because one may not experience any symptoms, thus its nickname, the silent killer. Symptoms include consistent blood pressure readings of 140/90 or higher, headache, flush face or a pulsing sensation in the head. The blood pressure is determi ned by two readings, the top number indicates the systolic blood pressure and the bottom the diastolic pressure. Normal systolic readings are below 140, 140 to 159 indicates borderline hypertension, above 160 is definite systolic hypertension. The diastolic pressure is normal below 85. Borderline hypertension occurs when the reading is 85 to 89. Mild to moderate hypertension ranges from 90 to 114, and severe hypertension is classified at 115 and above. When determining if you have high blood pressure, you should have several readings at various times of the day for several days. If your readings are consistently elevated, the you have confirmed hypertension. Doctors are concerned that children playing violent video games are unknowingly setting themselves up for future heart problems. In 1983, a study on the effects of video games on children found that they had a more positive effect on children than watching television. More recent research has found connections between childrens playing of violent video games and later aggressive behavior. One point that disturbs researchers is that violent video games often put the player, as the lone man against an evil force. Such games as this, they conclude, does not teach a child to be a team player and offers no sense of community. This encourages a child to isolate himself, and not interact with fellow peers, in a team type situation. The dominance of the male figure versus the female figure has triggered many researchers to question the social content of the games and the influence of their attitudes in regard to gender roles. .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 , .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .postImageUrl , .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 , .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831:hover , .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831:visited , .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831:active { border:0!important; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831:active , .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831 .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udac889952941ba9fb4ab1c795d5f9831:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gun Control In america today EssayWith some video games causing aggression and aggression being a contributor to stress and stress a contributor to increased heart rate, and high blood pressure, one could arrive at the conclusion that video games can indeed effect your heart rate and lead to future heart problems. BibliographyCHRONIC STRESS AND YOUR HEARTAuthor: Richard P. Abben, M.D. Copyright: 1996VIA World Wide Web, America On Line 1997HOME, HEALTH AND FAMILY HEART STROKE GUIDE A-ZCopyright: 1997VIA World Wide Web, America On Line 1997PLAYING VIOLENT VIDEO AND COMPUTER GAMES AND ADOLESCENT SELF-CONCEPTAuthor: Jeanne Funk and Debra BushmanCopyright: 1996VIA World Wide Web, America On Line 1997THE AMAZING VIDEO GAME BOOMAuthor: Philip Elmer-DewittCopyright: 92793Page: 71VIA World Wide Web, America On Line 1997VIDEO GAMES: BENIGN OR MALIGNANT?Author: Jeanne FunkCopyright: 2/1992VIA World Wide Web, America On Line 1997VIDEO GAME PLAY RESEARCHTHE STRESS VERSUS RELAXATION RESPONSE TO PLAYING VIDEO GAMESAuthor: Ulrich M. AffemannFrom: Dissertation Abstracts International Vol. 47 No. 07, 01/87 2454-AVIA World Wide Web, America On Line 1998VIDEO GAMES AND CHILDRENOFFICE OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENTED365477 01/94 ERIC DigestVIA World Wide Web, America On Line 1998VIDEO GAMES CAN CAUSE HEART PROBLEMS FOR KIDSAuthor: Liz BrunnerCopyright: 3/20/99VIA World Wide Web, HotBot, BellSouth.net 1999Does playing video games effect your heart rate?I believe that playing video games will increase your heart rate. 1. Seat the subject. 2. Take and record subjects pulse rate prior to playing the video game. 3. Allow subject to play the video game for five minutes. 4. Take and record the pulse rate again. 5. Follow steps 1 4 on same subjects on another game and record results. My conclusion, based on test results confirm my hypothesis that playing video games will increase your heart rate. Science Essays

Ryanair Competitor Analysis Essays

Ryanair Competitor Analysis Essays Ryanair Competitor Analysis Paper Ryanair Competitor Analysis Paper The firms within the market engage in price wars where they cut prices to grab a larger market share. The firms maintain their customers loyalty by offering the low air fares and brand themselves through advertising. Some customers may stick to an airline provider for some reasons such as convenience, flexibility and brand loyalty. Therefore, when another firm sells at a higher price, it doesnt mean that the customer will switch airlines. However, it also isnt mean that the customers wont switch because are no restrictions or switching costs involved. A factor which may cause customers to switch is when the price difference is too high to tolerate. In this market there is a significant barrier to entry because of the high set up cost. It is also difficult to penetrate the market because of the 3 major firms which accounts for a huge market share. The LLC market also shows some characteristics of monopolistic competition because of there are many other LLC airlines. There are also no legal barriers to entry because there are legal restrictions to enter the market. Moreover, the governments show that they want to encourage competition in this industry when the Irish government rejected a takeover of Are Lingua by Ryan in 2009 (Reuters). Conduct Ryan conducts its business by cutting costs and lowering air fare prices. The company cuts cost through many ways such as using secondary airports, reducing the weight of their airplanes, reducing staff costs, removing bookings through travel agents and removing in-flight meals. The company commits to the basic service to their customer which is flying them from one place to another without delays. Any ore than that, the customers will be charged. Ryan charges the customers for various things such as in-flight meals, payment handling fees, wheelchair usage and online check-in (BBC 2009). The company also charges their staffs for training and interview sessions to reduce staff costs (Creator 2005). Since Ryan aims to provide the lowest air fare prices, they maximize airplanes capacity by removing business class and first class space. There are no pricing agreements arranged between other LLC operators, therefore, the prices of tickets varies. Non-price competition also exists in the LLC market.

What to Know About Visual Basic

What to Know About Visual Basic In 2008 Microsoft stopped support for VB and declared it a Legacy software. Feel free to read this article written before that time. It provides good background for the current .NET software still in use today. Its a computer programming system developed and owned by Microsoft. Visual Basic was originally created to make it easier to write programs for the Windows computer operating system. The basis of Visual Basic is an earlier programming language called BASIC that was invented by Dartmouth College professors John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz. Visual Basic is often referred to using just the initials, VB. Visual Basic is easily the most widely used computer programming system in the history of software. Is Visual Basic Just a Programming Language? Its more. Visual Basic was one of the first systems that made it practical to write programs for the Windows operating system. This was possible because VB included software tools to automatically create the detailed programming required by Windows. These software tools not only create Windows programs, but they also take full advantage of the graphical way that Windows works by letting programmers draw their systems with a mouse on the computer. This is why its called Visual Basic. Visual Basic also provides a unique and complete software architecture. Architecture is the way computer programs, such as Windows and VB programs, work together. One of the major reasons why Visual Basic has been so successful is that it includes everything that is necessary to write programs for Windows. Is there more than one version of Visual Basic? Yes. Since 1991 when it was first introduced by Microsoft, there have been nine versions of Visual Basic up to VB.NET 2005, the current version. The first six versions were all called Visual Basic. In 2002, Microsoft introduced Visual Basic .NET 1.0, a completely redesigned and rewritten version that was a key part of a much larger computer architecture. The first six versions were all backward compatible. That means that later versions of VB could handle programs written with an earlier version. Because the .NET architecture was such a radical change, earlier versions of Visual Basic have to be rewritten before they can be used with .NET. Many programmers still prefer Visual Basic 6.0 and a few use even earlier versions. Will Microsoft stop supporting Visual Basic 6 and earlier versions? This depends on what you mean by support but many programmers would say they already have. The next version of the Windows operating system, Windows Vista, will still run Visual Basic 6 programs and future versions of Windows might run them too. On the other hand, Microsoft now charges big fees for any help for VB 6 software problems and soon they wont provide it at all. Microsoft doesnt sell VB 6 anymore so its difficult to find. Its clear that Microsoft is doing everything they can to discourage the continued use of Visual Basic 6 and encourage the adoption of Visual Basic .NET. Many programmers believe that Microsoft was wrong to abandon Visual Basic 6 because their customers have put so much investment into it over more than ten years. As a result, Microsoft has earned a lot of ill will from some VB 6 programmers and some have moved to other languages rather than move to VB.NET. This might be a mistake. Is Visual Basic .NET really an improvement? Absolutely yes! All of .NET is truly revolutionary and gives programmers a much more capable, efficient and flexible way to write computer software. Visual Basic .NET is a key part of this revolution. At the same time, Visual Basic .NET is clearly more difficult to learn and use. The vastly improved capability does come at a fairly high cost of technical complexity. Microsoft helps to make up for this increased technical difficulty by providing even more software tools in .NET to help programmers. Most programmers agree that VB.NET is such a huge leap forward that its worth it. Isnt Visual Basic only for lower skilled programmers and simple systems? This was something that programmers using programming languages like C, C, and Java used to say before Visual Basic .NET. Back then, there was some truth to the charge, although on the other side of the argument was the fact that excellent programs could be written faster and cheaper with Visual Basic than with any of those languages. VB.NET is the equal of any programming technology anywhere. In fact, the resulting program using the .NET version of the C programming language, called C#.NET, is virtually identical with the same program written in VB.NET. The only real difference today is programmer preference. Is Visual Basic object-oriented? VB.NET certainly is. One of the big changes introduced by .NET was complete object-oriented architecture. Visual Basic 6 was mostly object-oriented but lacked a few features such as inheritance. The subject of object-oriented software is a big topic by itself and is beyond the scope of this article. What is the Visual Basic runtime and do we still need it? One of the big innovations introduced by Visual Basic was a way to split a program into two parts. One part is written by the programmer and does everything that makes that program unique, such as adding two specific values. The other part does all of the processing that any program might need such as the programming to add any values. The second part is called the runtime in Visual Basic 6 and earlier and is part of the Visual Basic system. The runtime is actually a specific program and each version of Visual Basic has a corresponding version of the runtime. In VB 6, the runtime is called MSVBVM60. (Several other files are also normally needed for a complete VB 6 runtime environment.) In .NET, the same concept is still used in a very general way, but its not called a runtime anymore (its part of the .NET Framework) and it does a lot more. What is the Visual Basic .NET Framework? Like the old Visual Basic runtimes, the Microsoft .NET Framework is combined with specific .NET programs written in Visual Basic .NET or any other .NET language to provide a complete system. The Framework is much more than a runtime, however. The .NET Framework is the basis of the entire .NET software architecture. One major part is a huge library of programming code called the Framework Class Library (FCL). The .NET Framework is separate from VB.NET and can be downloaded free of charge from Microsoft. The Framework is an included part of Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista. What is Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and how does it fit in? VBA is a version of Visual Basic 6.0 that is used as an internal programming language in many other systems such as Microsoft Office programs like Word and Excel. (Earlier versions of Visual Basic were used with earlier versions of Office.) Many other companies in addition to Microsoft have used VBA to add programming ability to their own systems. VBA makes it possible for another system, like Excel, to run a program internally and provide what is essentially a custom version of Excel for a particular purpose. For example, a program could be written in VBA that will make Excel create an accounting balance sheet using a series of accounting entries in a spreadsheet at the click of a button. VBA is the only version of VB 6 that is still sold and supported by Microsoft and only as an internal component of Office programs. Microsoft is developing a completely .NET capability (called VSTO, Visual Studio Tools for Office) but VBA continues to be used. How much does Visual Basic cost? Although Visual Basic 6 could be purchased by itself, Visual Basic .NET is only sold as part of what Microsoft calls Visual Studio .NET. Visual Studio .NET also includes the other Microsoft supported .NET languages, C#.NET, J#.NET and C.NET. Visual Studio comes in a variety of versions with different capabilities that go well beyond just the ability to write programs. In October 2006, Microsofts posted list prices for Visual Studio .NET ranged from $800 to $2,800 although various discounts are often available. Fortunately, Microsoft also provides a completely free version of Visual Basic called Visual Basic .NET 2005 Express Edition (VBE). This version of VB.NET is separate from the other languages and is also completely compatible with the more expensive versions. This version of VB.NET is very capable and doesnt feel at all like free software. Although some features of the more expensive versions arent included, most programmers wont notice anything missing. The system can be used for production quality programming and isnt crippled in any way like some free software. You can read more about VBE and download a copy at Microsofts web site.

The Cask of Amontillado Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cask of Amontillado - Essay Example He is insensitive to people’s feelings, but it does not seem to be coming from a place of malice, but more of a place of always thinking â€Å"what’s the big deal?† Burger is the opposite – he apparently was poor, worked his way up on the ladder, was not given anything, had to work for everything, and takes everything very seriously. So, both men came upon fame and fortune, but in very different ways. As indicated above, there is nothing in the early part of the story that would indicate that horror would be befalling Kennedy by the end of the story. This is in contrast to â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado,† the story upon which this story was evidently based. In â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado,† we know from the beginning that the narrator had a problem with Fortunato, who is the man who eventually has the same fate that Kennedy does in this story, for we know from the very first paragraph that the narrator is angry with Fortunato, althoug h we know not for what, and never do find out. However, in the â€Å"The New Catacomb,† there is initially not a hint that there is anything amiss. The two men are enjoying one another’s company, and there begins almost a casual conversation about two things – the fact that Burger has artifacts from a new catacomb that he has discovered, and the fact that Kennedy had had a scandalous affair, the details of which is not yet known. As the two men spar a bit – Kennedy is eager to know about the new catacomb, and Burger does not want to give up the secret – one does not necessarily get the sense that Burger has anything against Kennedy. Initially, the reader is led to believe that Burger is only asking Kennedy about the affair to prove a point – that, as Burger has a secret that he does not want to reveal, so does Kennedy. And, if Kennedy does not want to reveal the details of the affair, then Burger is not going to reveal the details about the new catacomb. Initially, it seems that this is all that there is to it. Of course, Kennedy does reveal the affair, and, in the process, the reader is brought into Kennedy’s mind. He comes across as callous and insensitive, for he had an affair with an engaged woman, all for the sport of it, and nothing else. Then he pretty much sealed his fate when he shrugged off the question about the woman’s other man by stating that it was simply survival of the fittest, and that if the other man would have been a better man, she would not have deserted him. Of course, the reader finds out at the end exactly who that other man was, but, at the moment, this information is not revealed, so the entire back and forth between the men about the affair does not seem to be foreboding. It is only when Burger states that he must take Kennedy to the new catacomb that the reader gets a sense of foreboding. Since most readers have read â€Å"The Cask of the Amontillado† at least once, th ere is, at this moment, a sense of dread for Kennedy. Although the reader does not know exactly why something will happen to Kennedy, there is immediately an â€Å"oh, no† when Burger offers to take Kennedy to the catacombs. Does Burger want revenge for the affair? If so, why is it his business? Or does he simply want a rival out of the way? After all, these men are rivals, even if they are friendly rivals. Whatever the motivation, the reader instantly can sense that this will not end well for Kennedy. As the

Implementing Measurements and Testing Models Essay

Implementing Measurements and Testing Models - Essay Example Sampling is done primarily because a population may be very large and diverse making it impossible for the researchers to study all of them given the available resources as well as the element of time. The Sloven formula is commonly used to compute for the desired sample size based on the total population and the margin of error or confidence level. The formula for computing the sample size is as follows: To determine the sample population for a study on drug use of prisoners in the State facilities, the researcher may use stratified random sampling. Stratified random sample involves subdividing the population into smaller homogenous groups to get more accurate information (Best, 2003). It is a commonly used probability method that is superior to random sampling because it reduces sampling error. A stratum is a subset of the population that shares at least one common characteristic. Examples of stratums might be males and females, or managers and non-managers. The researcher first identifies the relevant stratums and their actual representation in the population. Random sampling is then used to select a sufficient number of subjects from each stratum. "Sufficient" refers to a sample size large enough for us to be reasonably confident that the stratum represents the population. Stratified sampling is often used when one or more of the stratums in the population have a low incidence re lative to the other stratums (http://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htm) Since prisoners are detailed in several areas spread all throughout Oklahoma, distributing the sample population according to the area or location of the facility and relative to the number of inmates in each area would ensure representation of each facility. Assuming that the survey research will be conducted in the facilities under the Oklahoma State Department of Corrections, and the desired margin of error is 1% or at 99% confidence level, we can compute for the desired sample size of a population such as 20,306 inmates as of December 8 figures in the OkDOC database using Sloven formula - n = N/(1+Ne2) n = 20,306 / 1+ [(20,306 ) (.01) 2 ] n = 20,306 / 1 + [ (20,306) (.0001)] n = 20,306 / 1 + 2.0306 n = 20, 306 / 3.306 n = 6,142.16 or 6143 Thus, the total number of respondents to the survey on drug use among inmates in the Oklahoma State Department of Corrections will be 6,142 inmates. This figure will be drawn proportionally from the different facilities throughout the State according to their actual count of inmates. Based on percentage share computed in Appendix A, the following will be the distribution of inmate-respondent in each facility. Table 1 - Distribution of Respondents per Facility FACILITIES NAME % of total pop'n # of respondent per facility** 1. Charles E. "Bill" Johnson Correctional Center 2.1 129 2. Dick Conner Correctional Center 4.7 289 3. Dr. Eddie Warrior Correctional Center 3.7 227 4. Howard McLeod Correctional Center 3.1 190 5. Jackie Brannon Correctional Center 3.6 221 6. James Crabtree Correctional Center 3.9 240 7. Jess Dunn Correctional Center 4.8 295 8. Jim E. Hamilton Correctional Center 3.4 209 9. John Lilley Correctional Center 3.6 221 10. Joseph Harp Correctional Center 6.8 418 11. Lexington A & R Center 2 123 12. Mabel Bassett Correctional Cent

Strategic Management Analysis of Coca Cola Company Essay Example for Free

Strategic Management Analysis of Coca Cola Company Essay Candle. Three years later Mr. Candler and other associates formed a Georgia corporation named the Coca-Cola Company. The brand name â€Å"Coca-Cola,† was officially patented in the United States on January 31, 1893. The business continued to grow and in 1895, the Coca- Cola product had expanded in all states and territory of Unite State. The Company quickly outgrew its facilities and in 1898 was created the first headquarters building devoted exclusively to the production of syrup and the management of the business. One year later, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, secured exclusive rights from Candler to bottle and sell the beverage for the sum of only one dollar. In the year 1919, the Coca-Cola Company was sold to a group of investors for $25 million. Robert W. Woodruff became the President of the Company in the year 1923 and his more than sixty years of leadership took the business to unsurpassed heights of commercial success, making Coca-Cola one of the most recognized and valued brands in the 20th century. Today, the Company owns or licenses and markets more than 500 non-alcoholic beverage brands, has 3,500 beverage products including sparkling drinks and still beverages and sells 1. 7 billon servings per day in over 200 countries. The company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia and employs 139,600 associates across the six operating groups. Approximately 78% of its products are sold outside of the Unite State. Although 2010 was a hard year for many of the multinational companies due to the economical situation, the Cocal Cola company recorded revenues of $35,119 million, 12% more that in 2009. The increase in revenue was primarily due to increase in sales of unit cases of company’s products from approximately 24. 4 billion in 2009 to approximately 25. 5 billion in 2010, the increase in the price and product/geographic mix also boosted the revenue growth. The operating income of the company was $8,449 million and the net profit was $11,809 million, increasing a 2, 6% and 5, 77% respectively over 2009 fiscal year. Business, now-a-days is vitally affected by the economic, social, technological and political factors. The Coca-Cola â€Å"is a marketing model not just for mega multinationals looking to share best practices from around the world but also a case study for how upstart and mid-size brands, of which Coca-Cola has amassed many, can use creative stunts and strategic partnerships to get a lot done on a smaller budget. †( Zmuda, 2011). The company has been faced the external factors such as: economic, social and competitive that has affected the majority of multinational companies during the last years, creating excellent strategic to find solution for them. The Coca- Cola’ Vision and Mission

William Butler Yeats’ The Magi Essay -- The Magi Essays

William Butler Yeats’ The Magi   Ã‚  Ã‚   Briefly stated, William Butler Yeats’ The Magi is a poem about people who, upon reaching old age, or perhaps just older age, turn to God and the spiritual world for fulfillment and happiness. We are told in the footnote to this poem that, after writing The Dolls, Yeats looked up into the blue sky and imagined that he could see "stiff figures in procession". Perhaps after imagining these figures, Yeats debated within himself whom these pictures could represent. Yeats then went on to write The Magi, a poem which is full of symbolism, a literary technique that he greatly valued.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the first two lines of the poem, Yeats writes "Now as at all times I can see in the mind’s eye, / In their stiff, painted clothes, the pale unsatisfied ones". Yeats is saying that when he looks into the blue sky, towards heaven above, he is reminded of all those people who have spent their lives "playing the game". These people have achieved great success and have many wonderful things, such as their "stiff, painted clothes," but still they feel as if their lives are incomplete. Despite everything they own and the pride they feel in what they have accomplished, they are not quite happy with their lives as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The fourth line of the poem, "With all their ancient faces like rain-beaten stones," clarifies for me that Yeats is talking about people of an older generation. He is certainly not talking about unsatisfied twenty- or even thirtysomethings. Yeats uses simile in this line to describe faces that are well worn. These faces belong to people who have experienced the stresses and strains of life. They are no longer vibrant and distinct, but are instead bland and unremarkable. These are people who ... ...and successful and are turning to God for solace. They are choosing to honor and revere him in the hopes of finding everlasting peace and happiness.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps Yeats wrote this poem out of frustration with his own life. Maybe he felt that he also was one of the "pale, unsatisfied ones". He may have been struggling with the strains brought upon him by success. He may also have been going through a time of indecision in regards to his own spiritual life. Whatever the reason for his writing The Magi, Yeats wrote a poem rich in symbolism and imagery that many people could then, and can now, relate to on a very personal level.    References Ellmann, Richard and Robert O'Clair, eds. The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, 2nd edition.   New York:   W. W.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Norton, 1988. Urdang, Laurence, ed.   The American Century Dictionary.   New York:   Oxford UP, 1995.

How Can We Measure the Economic Growth of a Country? Essay

Experts have proposed many techniques to assess the economic progress of a country. One of these techniques is to calculate the sum of all the goods and services produced in the country which is known as gross domestic product (GDP). The indicator was created in the wake of great depression in 1930s and still is used to measure individual countries’ economic performance. But now most of the economists claim that GDP alone cannot reflect the economic performance of a society because it has many flaws and does not acceptably measures the household productions, voluntary work, defensive and remedial spending and cash for clunkers. To begin with GDP does not account for the household productions which have sizable effect on the economy of a nation. Unpaid work for instance, causes fall in GDP as there is no value addition. For example, if a person cooks food for his or her family then it causes fall of GDP but if the family hires a chef then GDP boosts up. Let’s take the example of drying clothes in sunshine. If you let the sun dry your clothes, the service is free and doesn’t show up in our domestic product but if you throw your laundry in the dryer, you burn fossil fuel, increase your carbon footprint, make the economy more unsustainable — and give GDP a bit of a bump. This seems illogical that if a person reduces his or her consumption then it will cause GDP to drop, eventually resulting into reduced welfare of the nation. According to various studies carried out in France, domestic production could represent as much as 75% of standard GDP. If GDP does not accurately responds to domestic production then how it can be considered a good measure for the welfare of a nation? Moreover, GDP does not correctly respond to voluntary work and public administration resulting into imperfect measurement of the welfare of a nation. A bicycle repaired by a friend makes GDP fall if the work used to be done by a professional. Thus, a society where voluntary work is widespread will enjoy a higher level of economic well-being but a lower GDP. As far as public administration is concerned, GDP always underestimates the contribution of public services. They are generally not bought by anyone on a market. For example, public gardens maintenance or tax collection. By the same token, a free service resulting from a past public investment (a road, a fountain, a public park or a public sport facility) will not appear in GDP, contrary to its private equivalent (priced road, private sport facility, etc.). Besides household production and voluntary work, another major flaw in the estimation of economic growth by GDP is that it does not appropriately measure production and often just represent it as a compensation for a previous destruction. For example, reconstruction of a destroyed bridge or repairing of inoperative machinery causes a rise in GDP. Another similar example is a boom in the business cycle after the period of recession. Now consider the upsurge in the income of the lawyers. If lawyers prosper because there are more crimes and more offences, does that mean the country is richer? Obviously not, but GDP states country is richer because GDP does not count for these crimes rather it only takes the rise in the income of the lawyers into account. Moving further, production is the decline of human and natural capital. But while calculating GDP this definition is mistreated. This can be illustrated by the example of two countries having same GDP but depreciation of human and natur al resources are not same. It reminds us of those companies who report profits only by under-reporting depreciation of assets. The case is not just theoretical: Britain and France have roughly the same GDP but British workers work 25% more. Furthermore, the contribution of defensive and remedial spending towards GDP has many shortcomings. For example, expenditures on health care, pollution abatement, flood control and costs associated with population growth and increasing urbanization — including crime prevention, highway construction, water treatment and school expansion increase gross domestic product, although mostly what we aim to buy isn’t an improved standard of living but the restoration or protection of the quality of life we already had. (Polley) In this case, it’s clear that GDP indicates the growth in the economy but it’s only the maintenance of our standard of living. Thus GDP is not reliable to judge the standard of living of a community. What’s more is the cash for clunkers whose influence on GDP is also flawed. The new car purchases are added to GDP, but the destruction of the older vehicles is not subtracted. If instead we had a trade in program for new energy efficient homes that required destroying the older, less energy efficient home, we would reach a different result about GDP effects. The new home purchase would add to GDP as for cars, but the destruction of the old home would result in a reduction of GDP because imputed rent on homes is included in GDP unlike cars. In this case, the economic multiplier effects are different about two very similar programs and as a result our economic policies are affected. There are also hidden problems like underground economy which can’t be taken into account as there are hardly any statistics available. (Polley) If economic development is indicated by GDP, then our experts are proposing faulty policies because GDP is not an accurate measure for the economic growth. If we consider the problems in the calculation of GDP, then inaccuracy of the indicator clearly depicts that it’s not an adequate measure of economic progress. For an instance, let’s assume that GDP is a good indicator of economic well being. In this single number, you get an idea of whether the economy is expanding or contracting. Paul Samuelson, Nobel Laureate and author of many textbook references, once described GDP as â€Å"truly among the great inventions of the 20th century, a beacon that helps policymakers steer the economy toward key economic objectives†. But, we forget that how hard it is to accurately sum all of the goods and services produced in a country together, from bricks and tableware to banking and software. First of all, our definition of production is not clear. We often mix the restoration and production. Secondly, statistics for each component of GDP are not easy to gather. For example, there are no statistics available on black economy. Th ird, we need a sophisticated system that can add it all together, from the number of new cars and haircuts, to the volume of teaching etc. (Blades et all) Due to these problems, GDP cannot appropriately measure the welfare of a nation. Given the fundamental problems with GDP as a leading economic indicator, we should not consider it as a measurement of economic well being. Instead, it  is just a measure of economic activities within an economy and no where it is close of accurately reflecting the living standards of the people of that economy.

Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Brief: This book is one of â€Å"Four Great Classical Novels† of Chinese literature; it is the first river novel writes by chapters in China . It is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of China, starting in 169 and ending with the reunification of the land in 280. The whole book has 120 chapters, and a total of 800,000 words and 1,798 dramatic characters and nearly 40 battles. The story begins with the end of Eastern Han Dynasty. The government becomes extremely corrupt on all levels, leading to widespread deterioration of the empire. During the reign of the penultimate Han emperor, Emperor Ling, the Yellow Turban Rebellion breaks out under the leadership of Zhang Jiao; And finishes with the early Western Jin Dynasty, the three regimes return to a unified national. During those 100 years, there were many conflicts among the various warlords and nobles, then the three kingdoms were appeared on the stage of the history, we cal l them ——Cao Wei (Cao Cao), Shu Han (Liu Bei, Zhuge liang), Eastern Wu (Sun Quan). This book focuses on describing the three countries competing for the land, people, people in the process, there are many scenes of great wars, and ups and downs in the story as if it can help people back to thousands of years ago where a bloody battlefield, to give readers a thrilling sense of deep. The wits of the strategy of heroes in the book is very fascinating, whether it is good ideas, or intrigue, all of them are make readers feel the great wisdom and wonderful imagination of our ancient. There are many main characters in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, however the main focus is on the hero, Liu Bei(Shu Han), who is a distant relative of the reigning family. The story opens up with the decline of the Han Dynasty, the ruling dynasty of all of China for the past 400 years. As the royal throne begins to crumble and lose power, a rebellious cult arises that brings together wonderful and terrible generals to fight off the rebellious menace. This sets the stage for the heroes of the Han army to make a name for them and to gain power. As the story unfolds over many, many chapters, the throne eventually loses all power and is basically controlled by one of its ministers, a former hero of the rebellions, Cao Cao. He ends up being the villain of the story as he forms the Wei kingdom that manipulates the throne and the Emperor for personal gain. In fact,the 70% of the story is real history, and the other 30% is besides unofficial historical records, folk stories and Sanguozhi Pinghua(another historical book about Three Kingdoms), some were created by the author on his own. So I want to show you two differences between the stories of the real history. Hua Rong Dao(a name of place) Story In the book, it described that Guan Yu intercepted Cao Cao on the Hua Rong Dao after Cao Cao loss the Chi Bi War. And at that time, Guan Yu had very high chance to kill Cao Cao. If that, it won`t happen the situation that there are three countries. But Guan Yu remembered out some past and liberated Cao Cao finally. He lost the chance. But in the reality, the person who went to intercept Cao Cao is not Guan Yu. While it`s Liu Bei. And it`s too late when Liu Bei got there. So Cao Cao run away. This story is mainly in order to play down Cao Cao and set up the perfect image of Guan Yu. Zhou Yu Story In the book, Zhuge Liang angered Zhou Yu three times and Zhuge Liang died finally. In the reality, Zhou Yu is smarter than Zhuge Liang. For example, the strategy of Chi Bi is thought out from Zhou Yu, not Zhuge Liang. At that time, Zhou Yu even didn’t pay attention to Zhuge Liang. They have less chance to meet each other. From Chi Bi War to two years after Zhou Yu’s death, Zhuge Liang were doing the logistics and had no chance to see Zhou Yu. Even in the memorial meeting, the representative of Shu Country is Pang Tong, not Zhuge Liang. The course of death of Zhou Yu is overwork. The preferred country of author is Shu country. And the most preferable people of author is Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. So at here, the author played down Zhou Yu and enhances the image of Zhuge Liang. When I was a middle school student, my father asked me to read this book, but it was hardship and boring for me, I just read it without thinking. But now I like it better with age, I love Cao Cao’s cunning, Guan Yu’s loyalty, Zhuge Liang’s extremely intelligent; I love Lu Bu’s single-minded, I love Zhao Yun’s brave, Zhang Fei’s impulse. All of them are vivid and interesting. I think the biggest advantage of this book is that everybody can learn something from it. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms,there are a lot of knowledge about military science, psychology, science of resourcefulness, public relations, science of personnel and so on. The schemers of the three kingdoms use various sorts and varieties of knowledge to help their lord to win the wars and earn the lands. And by reading this book, I realized that a lot of truth in life, for example, in this book the author always stressed a sentence: ‘This world will separate after long time united. Also it will do the opposite after long time of plighting. ’ This sentence has been verified many times in Chinese history after that. And in China, we have many Chinese proverbs in use today are derived from the novel, like â€Å"Three reeking tanners (are enough to) overcome one Zhuge Liang. † The meaning is three inferior people can overpower a superior person when they combine their strength. Because Zhuge Liang was very smart, but if we can make us unity, we can overcome Zhuge Liang. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is definitely a challenging book, but is really a hidden treasure as most people who interested in Eastern culture. Mainly being a popular book in the Asian countries, it is a great book for those that enjoy historical fiction books with a twist of fantasy or for those that enjoy war/strategy novels. This is a great book and is highly recommended for anyone looking for something different to read.

Free Essays on Time Warner Aol Merger

As Time Warner management we are against the merger with AOL. We understand the Internet is not a fad and it’s an industry we need to move into to stay a large player in the media communications world. However, we feel that we can move into the Internet world on our own without AOL. To do so, we plan on pushing our broadband technology and Roadrunner to consumers. The FTC regulations put on the merger made us sign contracts with other ISP’s, besides AOL. By pushing our own broadband technology we don’t need an ISP at all. With broadband technology the consumer can be online all the time without tying up their phone line. They simply click on Internet explorer and they’re online, therefore they don’t need an ISP like AOL. It is also more cost efficient for us because it gives us the opportunity to bundle products for consumers in our cable regions. We can offer them cable, telephone, and high speed Internet on a single bill at a low price. Time Warner management recognizes that the Internet world is very different from the media world they’re use to. The management is use to being very structured and slow moving because they control so many different things it’s hard for things to happen really fast. The management is also much older in their thinking and knowledge of the media business. Time Warner has been around since 1922, this has given them many decades to figure out what works for them and what doesn’t work. The Internet craze, however, is much different from any other media that currently exists. Therefore, internally management plans on bringing in some young experienced managers to run the Internet segment of Time Warner. Due to the downward turn of many dot.com there are many very Internet experienced individuals with management experience out there looking for jobs. Young and experienced managers can bring a fresh look and knowledge of the Internet world to our Time Warner team. As manage... Free Essays on Time Warner Aol Merger Free Essays on Time Warner Aol Merger As Time Warner management we are against the merger with AOL. We understand the Internet is not a fad and it’s an industry we need to move into to stay a large player in the media communications world. However, we feel that we can move into the Internet world on our own without AOL. To do so, we plan on pushing our broadband technology and Roadrunner to consumers. The FTC regulations put on the merger made us sign contracts with other ISP’s, besides AOL. By pushing our own broadband technology we don’t need an ISP at all. With broadband technology the consumer can be online all the time without tying up their phone line. They simply click on Internet explorer and they’re online, therefore they don’t need an ISP like AOL. It is also more cost efficient for us because it gives us the opportunity to bundle products for consumers in our cable regions. We can offer them cable, telephone, and high speed Internet on a single bill at a low price. Time Warner management recognizes that the Internet world is very different from the media world they’re use to. The management is use to being very structured and slow moving because they control so many different things it’s hard for things to happen really fast. The management is also much older in their thinking and knowledge of the media business. Time Warner has been around since 1922, this has given them many decades to figure out what works for them and what doesn’t work. The Internet craze, however, is much different from any other media that currently exists. Therefore, internally management plans on bringing in some young experienced managers to run the Internet segment of Time Warner. Due to the downward turn of many dot.com there are many very Internet experienced individuals with management experience out there looking for jobs. Young and experienced managers can bring a fresh look and knowledge of the Internet world to our Time Warner team. As manage...

The Best Way to Write an Outline for a Compare and Contrast Essay

The Best Way to Write an Outline for a Compare and Contrast Essay The Best Way to Write an Outline for a Compare and Contrast Essay Nowadays written assignments are an important part of everyday life not depending whether you are a student or a professional writer. That is why being able to complete a great essay not only influences your grades but also your salary and professional success. An essay is the most common written assignment, which aims to research, analyze and evaluate a certain issue or matter. Depending on the type of skills a tutor wants to check, there are multiple essay types: argumentative, narrative, compare and contrast essays, and much more. Not depending on the type of essay you are going to complete, half of the success depends on its proper structure or an outline. That is why we have created this article and gathered all the necessary information you need to know on an essay outline. Outline of a compare and contrast essay As you understand from its name, a compare and contrast essay is a paper, which compares and contrasts certain subjects, matters or even events. Aims of this task include: To show that one matter is better than another; To describe misunderstandings; To provide a fresh outlook on the subject; To give the reader information on a certain topic; To work with credible and scholarly sources, and provide arguments on the topic. Depending on your goals, subjects and aspirations, there are two methods to create a proper outline for your paper. Organizing by criteria This pattern is also known as a point-by-point method and is used to complete an outline, when the items you compare are alike or when you need to evaluate only a couple of points. Here is a regular pattern, which is used to create a point-by-point outline: Here you should provide a thesis statement and introduce the reader to the matters that will be compared; Paragraphs, for example 1,2 and 3. Always start with a topic sentence and then write details to support your idea, argument or fact. Every paragraph should have its own topic sentence; Summarize thoughts, presented in the paper and write why your comparison and contrast are important. If possible, make prognosis for the future. Organizing by items This type of outline organization is sometimes called a block method and is applied, when described issues are completely different or you have a big number of criteria to discuss. In such cases a point-by-point method doesn’t work at all and can be considered absolutely ineffective. The main aim of such a method is to make the paper readable, so here is how an outline of such compare and contrast essay looks like: As usual, you need to give a general look at the subject and provide a thesis statement; Their number may differ depending on the quantity of arguments you need to discuss. Each paragraph should start with an item and continue with a number of points this item consists of; Give a summary of your topic and make predictions for the future, explaining how your comparison or contrast may influence the industry. Another way of structuring an essay, using the block method, is to make two separate paragraphs: one for comparison and one of contrasts. Once you have chosen a pattern to use, you can start with completing the essay. Introduction Introduction section is usually the same, not depending whether you are writing a descriptive or a compare and contrast essay.   In this section, you need to give the reader an overall idea of your paper and discussed matters. Try to introduce the audience to the items, events or definitions you are going to compare and contrast. Here are the features of an introduction section: Always start with the hook. It will intrigue the reader and will make him go on reading. Depending on the subject, it can be a joke, a quote or a question you are going to examine; Write down the subjects you are going to compare and contrast. It won’t sound right if you simply start describing similarities and differences of the subjects, so it is necessary to give their general definition and your motives; Complete a thesis statement. You need to close your introduction with a sentence or two on the main aim of the whole paper. Be brief and give only relevant information on the topic, without watery and meaningless texts. Once your introduction is ready, you can start working on body paragraphs. Body paragraphs There are no restrictions on how many paragraphs your main section should contain. Everything depends on the quantity of issues and points you want to discuss in your essay. For example, two criteria will require two paragraphs, three criteria – three, and so on.   In some cases, you will be given a certain amount of such issues to discuss but most of the times you will need to choose them yourself depending on the main goal of your essay. If you don’t know how many criteria to include, just take a blank piece of paper and write down all the similarities and differences of the issue. Then choose those, which you want to discuss. However, you should limit such items to maximum three or four not to bore the reader and to be able to concentrate on a specific topic. Here are the questions, which may help you to decide which criteria are important for your work and which are not necessary at all: Does it have anything to do with the subject I am studying? What matters am I given? What will make my essay interesting and useful? What is relevant to my course? Not depending on the issue you are studying, you need to start every body paragraph with a topic sentence. It aims to give a reader information on the thing, matter or event you want to compare or contrast. Then you need to give all the details on your research, backing with relevant information and all the necessary data. Remember that every issue you compare and contrast, should not only contain your personal opinion but also be backed with academic papers, researches and various credible sources. Moreover, you should always stay objective and give a side-glance on all the similarities and differences of the subject. It is not right to give the reader a chance to understand what side you are on. In addition, it will be useful to add connections to the text to make it smooth and readable. For example: Likewise, both, thus, nevertheless, compared to, same as, as well as, however, in contrast and so on. Conclusions When you have completed an introductory section and body paragraphs, you will find it quite simple to complete your conclusions, as you already know what to write about. However, there are still some secrets you need to keep in mind: Summarize key points. Start your conclusions with rephrasing all the key points you have learned throughout your essay. They need to correspond with your body paragraphs; Give an evaluation. It is important to make predictions and analyze what you have learned. You can also provide different solutions depending on the topic you choose; Importance of the research. It is necessary not only to explain why your topic is important but also to give the reader a chance to see why a compare and contrast essay gives a full understanding of your topic. When writing is completed Take a deep breath and congratulate yourself with completing such a difficult assignment. However, don’t rush to your tutor to deliver it, as there are a few things you need to do before submitting it. Spend some time on editing and proofreading your essay to make sure it has no mistakes or unnecessary parts. Some students think that typos are not important and neglect this important stage, willing to save time. However, the reader will easily distract from your essay, when seeing mistakes in the text and it may result in lower grades. Read your essay over and over again to make sure there are no grammar or lexical mistakes in the text. You can feel the temptation of downloading a software to check your mistakes or do it online but it will do you no good, because such programs don’t have a critical approach. Yes, you can use them as the first step but afterwards you need to check everything yourself. A great solution is to ask your relatives or friends to read your compare and contrast essay to see whether there are some mistakes left. Finally, complete references if you have forgotten about them and submit the essay to your professor! Closing thoughts A compare and contrast essay is more than just a paper, which aims to evaluate a certain subject. Here you need to analyze two different items, events or matters and back everything with credible data. We hope that our article helped you to understand how to complete such a difficult task and you won’t experience any difficulties, when completing it. Just follow our guidelines step by step and you will definitely write an outstanding compare and contrast essay.

Exchange Rate Regimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Exchange Rate Regimes - Essay Example The impact of the inherent volatility and unpredictability of exchange rates on macroeconomic conditions is central to the debate about fixed and flexible exchange rates. Real exchange rates are defined as nominal rates adjusted for price levels. Since prices for individual countries, when expressed in a common currency, are subject to the variability of exchange rates, bilateral real exchange rates based on individual-country price levels may be infected with measurement errors. The use of one reference country, such as the USA, gives rise to asymmetries. By definition, the exchange rate is a relative price of two assets and, like other asset prices, is determined in a forward-looking manner in which expectations concerning the future course of events play a key role. Consequently, exchange rates are very sensitive to the receipt of new information. The large and sustained changes in nominal and real exchange rates were among the most significant developments in the world economy in the 1980s. For example, in the first half of the decade, the US dollar appreciated by about 40 per cent against most other major currencies and then, in the second half of the decade, declined, reversing all the previous appreciation. These changes gave rise to international pressures associated with rapidly changing competitiveness of exports; intervention by central banks in foreign exchange markets; and intense debate regarding the extent to which these exchange rate changes interact with current account imbalances. Some economists feel that conventional measures of economic growth based on the output of goods and services (gross national product) do not satisfactorily reflect economic welfare, arguing that they ignore factors such as pollution and the negative externalities from congestion.

Business in asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business in asia - Essay Example The researcher states that the classical growth theory argues that economic growth can negatively impact on the rising population and inadequate capitals. The classical theorists believe that short-term increase in actual GDP can result in population explosion which can ultimately reduce the actual GDP. The neoclassical theory depicts that steady economic growth can only be achieved with correct amount of labor, money and technology. It was the extension of â€Å"Harrod Domar Model† which tells that higher amount of savings and higher minimal production of capital can increase the growth rate of economy. In developing countries, labor is plentiful, but the capital is limited, which in turn reduces the amount of savings and leads to low investment and low economic growth. The endogenous growth theory depicts that economic growth is mainly the consequence of endogenous force and not due to external impact. According to this theory, investment in labor capital, invention and info rmation are the significant elements which can determine economic growth. Endogenous theory also shows that policy actions can also influence on the long-term development of economy. In this theory, the engine of growth is the labor capital because endogenous theorists believe that if labor capital accretion increases then the productivity of employees and physical resources also increase. The endogenous theory observes innovation as one of the major determinants of technological development and productivity growth. Therefore, developing countries that invest more on research and development are able to accomplish higher paybacks. The Simple AK Model which is developed by Paul Romer (1990) is the modest endogenous model. This model shows that exclusion of lessening return can result in endogenous growth (Slide 40). Question 4 Austrian Business Cycle Theory seeks to clarify the economic succession which indicates variations in production or economic movement in a country. These varia tions happen around a long-standing development tendency and usually comprise alterations over a period of time between stages of boom and burst. The Austrian Business Cycle Theory observes business cycles as the unavoidable result of extreme development in bank credit, aggravated by integrally harmful and ineffectual central bank strategies which cause lower interest rates for longer period of time. It can result in unnecessary credit formation, hypothetical economic bubble and reduced savings. According to this theory, low interest rate for a constant period of time and extreme credit formation can result in unpredictable and uneven balance between savings and investment. The increase of credit can result in higher money supply and higher money supply leads towards un-maintainable boom during which the artificially induced lending reduce the investment prospects. Thus, the Austrian Business Cycle Theory denotes that bursts can happen if the lending or credit formation becomes unma nageable. A saving induced boom is maintainable, but

Social De-alignment in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Social De-alignment in UK - Essay Example It has become popular through the recent years to view the voting patterns in the UK as less dependent on social attitudes and positions, rather than dependent on political factors. However, it is still under argument, whether social issues still play major role in defining voters' behaviours, as the present-day society has become more polarized. The electorate may be described as well-educated and informed mass of people, and it is often that its rational choice is based on the party's position, leadership, strategy and policy, not taking into account to which class the exact part of electorate belongs. This is the basis of the so called 'supermarket' model of voting, when the rational choice is based on the perceptions, which party will improve the life of the society while in Government. Thus the theory becomes active, when the leadership and personality of the candidate become increasingly significant for voters, and the political issues leave for the background. However, such th eories don't take into account the influence, which the media may make on the personality of each leader, and this influence may be both positive and negative, thus causing the electorate to make wrong choice. This work is to be concentrated on the social theories in voters' behaviour which take into account age, gender and class to which the voters belong, and assuming that these factors dictate the way the voter makes his choice. De-alignment 'Class is undoubtedly a significant factor when considering voting behaviour; traditionally two thirds of all voters chose their 'natural' class party, the working class favoring Labour and the middle class Conservative. However, since the1970s class de-alignment has begun, and the proportions of classes voting for particular parties have become more even, caused by embourgeoisement and the consequent decrease of in size of the working class'. (Curtice, 2002) This theory may be easily linked to the suggestion, that the voter's choice is becoming more tied to the place of his residence (the theories of voters' behaviour and the influence of neighbourhood will be discussed in this work), however, it is easily explained by the fact that the working class mainly occupies the northern part of the country, while the southern part belongs to the middle class. Simultaneously, it is interesting to note, that during the election campaign of the year 2001 the Conservatives lost most of their southern votes, which says there are some other factors except for class, which influence voters' choice. Another important social factor in defining voting preferences is gender. However, the proofs, which support this theory, are very inaccurate, as they don't account the gender equilibrium in the workforce and the attempts of different parties to concentrate their campaigns on childcare and health issues. It may be surprising not to note the influential role of the social factors in electorate behaviour, as Britain cannot be described as less class aligned. People still reflect their class preferences in their voting, though less attention has been paid to these factors, while they are still important and should be taken into account. To realize the importance of the social re-alignment and de-alignment in relation to the voting behaviours, it is necessary to provide the reliable argument as for the increasing social polarization in the society. According to Dorling (2006), 'housing wealth per child rose 20 times more in the best-off tenth as compared to worse-off tenth of areas in Britain 1993-2003; the majority of extra higher education places

Analysis of Air France KLM

Analysis of Air France KLM Air France-KLM is an international airline company and a member of the Skyteam airline partnership. The Group was created on May 5, 2004, following Air Frances combination with KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (KLM), thereby forming the worlds largest airline group by turnover and second largest worldwide cargo operator in terms of revenue-tonne kilometers. The Group organizes its networks around two major hubs: Paris-CDG and Amsterdam-Schiphol. The Companys three main businesses are passenger transportation, cargo operations and industrial maintenance. The Group counts more than 100,000 employees throughout the world. Passenger transport is the Groups main business, with 74.8 million passengers carried (2007-08 financial year), a fleet in operation of 607 aircraft on 31 March 2008 and 258 destinations worldwide. The majority of the employees are based in France and the Netherlands. Both Air France and KLM continue to operate flights under their distinct brand names as subsidiaries of Air Fr ance-KLM. Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction AIR FRANCE KLM AIR FRANCE KLM is the combination of two big airlines such as Air France and KLM. Since their merger in 2004, KLM works closely with Air France within the AIR FRANCE KLM holding company. In terms of financial turnover, AIR FRANCE KLM is the worlds largest airline partnership; it also transports the most passengers and is the worlds second-largest cargo transporter. Air France and KLM carry  more than 71 million passengers per year. They operate more than  594 aircraft enabling them to fly to  236 destinations worldwide with 2,500 daily flights. The two airlines world networks can be combined, forming a vast network organized around the two major hubs of Amsterdam-Schiphol and Paris-CDG. The head offices are located at Amstelveen and Paris. Alitalia In January 2009 AIR FRANCE KLM and Alitalia reached an agreement to strengthen their partnership cemented by AIR FRANCE KLM taking a minority stake in Alitalia. This agreement will give AIR FRANCE KLM greater access to the Italian market. SkyTeam Alliance Air France and KLM are members of the SkyTeam alliance. SkyTeam is a global airline alliance which includes Aeroflot, Aeromà ©xico, AirEuropa, Air France, Alitalia, China Southern Airlines,  CSA Czech Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Kenya Airways, KLM, Korean Air (including Northwest Airlines), Tarom and Vietnam Airlines. Through one of the worlds most extensive hub networks, SkyTeam offers its  384 million annual passengers a worldwide system of more than 13,000 daily flights to all major destinations. Income Over the fiscal year 2009-2010 the turnover of Air France-KLM was 20.9 billion euros. Together, the two airlines have over 107.000 employees. For more information on AIRFRANCE KLM Finance, please  go to www.airfranceklm-finance.com. Shares The Air France-KLM shares are listed in Amsterdam, Paris and New York. Aim Air France-KLM comprises a holding company which controls two airlines, Air France and KLM, each of which retains its own separate identity and brands. The group is the worlds largest air transport group in terms of revenue, second largest in terms of air traffic (in passenger-km) and cargo (ton freight-km), and third largest in terms of maintenance revenue. Both airlines run their own operations from their respective hubs Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Amsterdam-Schiphol. Passengers Passenger transport is the largest of the groups three core businesses, generating around 80% of its revenues (as of 31 March 2008), with 74.8 million passengers carried. Cargo Cargo was the first fully-integrated commercial activity at Air France-KLM in 2005. Client companies now have a single point of entry, and a full, simplified offering with flights departing from both hubs and benefiting from both networks. Air France-KLM Cargo ranks first worldwide among air freight carriers (excluding integrators). Maintenance The combination of Air France Industries and KLM Engineering Maintenance allows the group to offer a comprehensive range of aircraft maintenance and overhaul services with complementary areas of specialization. Maintaining the two fleets accounts for two-thirds of the groups maintenance operations, further supplemented by maintenance repair and overall (MRO) operations for 150 third-party airlines. Company Background Air France According to (KLM, 2010), the company was set up on 7 October 1933. Its history has been marked by several major milestones, including the holding acquired in the capital of UTA in January 1990 and the merger with Air Inter in 1997. In June 2000, Air France and Delta Air Lines joined forces with Aeromà ©xico and Korean Air to launch the Sky Team alliance. Air Frances main hub at Paris-Charles de Gaulle is Europes number one in terms of connecting opportunities. KLM As cited in (KLM, 2010), KLM was set up on 7 October 1919 and is the oldest airline still operating under its original name. Its recent history has been characterized by the creation of a joint venture with Northwest Airlines (NWA) in 1989 and its acquisition of the holding of Kenya Airways in 1996. KLM has Amsterdam Airport Schiphol as its home base. Since May 2004, Air France and KLM Royal Dutch Airlines have become the largest European airline group: one group, two airlines, and three businesses. Each airline has retained its individual identity, trade name and brand SWOT Analysis Mullins (2007) explained that, in order to evaluate the nature of the business environment and its strategic capability an organization may undertake a SWOT analysis focuses on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats facing the organization. STRENGTHS Strengths are those positive aspects or distinctive attributes or competencies which provide a significant market advantage or upon which the organization can build. Against a backdrop of increased Liberalization which serves to intensify competition, the profitable growth strategy plays to the groups strengths, the following are the air France KLM group strengths. A modern fleet the groups chief asset Guaranteeing energy and economic efficiency and greater safety levels, the groups aircraft fleet is its chief asset when it comes to meeting the challenges of sustainable development. The dual Roissy Schiphol hub and a balanced network The Air France and KLM route networks complement each other extremely well. The dual hub concept is central to group strategy and is designed to make the most of this. The benefit of dual brand strategy Air France and KLM took an original approach to the merger, choosing to retain the two brands while developing a unified strategy. Air France and KLM each enjoy strong brand identities and are extremely complementary. Enhanced competitiveness thanks to cost control To maintain its competitiveness, the group launched Challenge 10,designed to save 1.4 billion euros by 2009-10, through a 3% cut in unit costs. The plan is four-pronged: Process optimization and productivity gains; Fleet modernization, which will generate fuel and maintenance cost savings; Purchasing, and optimizing group synergies; External distribution costs. The development of high growth areas The groups ambition is to seize growth opportunities in countries driving global economic growth, mainly Brazil, Russia, India and China. In the years ahead, the Air France-KLM group plans to grow by 4.7% per year in terms of available seat-km on its long-haul network. WEAKNESSES Weaknesses are those negative aspects or deficiencies in the present competencies or resources of the organization, or its image or reputation, which limit its effectiveness and needed to be corrected to minimize their effect. International economic instability Faced with soaring oil prices, international economic instability, and signs of waning demand, air transport has entered a period of great uncertainty. Our Group can count on its strategic assets, the quality of its fuel hedging and its resolute policy of cost control to meet this challenging period of turbulence and low visibility OPPORTUNITIES Opportunities are favorable conditions and usually arise from the nature of changes in the external environment. The organization needs to be sensitive to the problems of business strategy and responsive to changes. Sustained demands In an increasingly global society, the demand for mobility is also increasing. Air transport is a key factor in a countrys economy. Over the last 20 years, air transport has grown twice as quickly as gross domestic product (GDP). In 2008, the rapid development of emerging countries is stimulating growth in Latin America, the Middle East and Asia. This will compensate for the slowdown in the US economy. As for the future, IATA forecasts an increase in global capacity of around 5% per year by 2011. A key contribution to the economy Air transport carries over 2 billion passengers annually. Tons of cargo shipped by air each year represent 35% of the total value of export trade in manufactured goods. By connecting people, businesses and goods around the world, air transport makes an essential contribution to global economic activity. Both directly and as a promoter of growth in other industries. THREATS Threats are the converse of opportunities and refer to unfavorable situations that arise from external developments likely to endanger the operations and effectiveness of the organization. Air France KLM like any other organizations is faced with a number of threats, these includes Increased pressure Growth in European low-cost carriers has been strong for some years and Middle Eastern carriers are planning considerable expansion: Gulf carriers plan 20% seat growth per year for the next three years. This represents stiff competition for European airlines on traffic between Europe and Asia or Australia. Development limited by infrastructures Europe is experiencing air traffic congestion, leading to significant delays, increased costs and CO2 emissions. This is partly a result of the fragmentation of airspace and of the air traffic control process. There is considerable room for improvement. For 10 million flights a year, it is estimated that the actual route flown is 5% longer than ideal. For some routes, such as Amsterdam-Zà ¼rich, it is even 20%. The annual cost of fragmented European skies is estimated at 3.4 billion euros. A sector subject to heavier taxation Air transport is subject to strict regulation, mainly regarding security, safety and infrastructure. The sector is also subject to high charges, among them airport or navigation charges, plus dedicated fees to finance security. Moreover, air transport is the only means of transport to finance soundproofing measures, as it does in numerous European countries. Climate change awareness General awareness of the reality of climate change continued to increase in 2007. This was coupled with local environmental constraints that have always affected air transport activities. Air transport accounts for between 2 and 3% of all man-made CO2 emissions. In Europe, its relative contribution will increase due to growth in traffic and the expected reduction of emissions in other industries. In the past 40 years, the sector has made considerable progress, reducing CO2 emissions per passenger by more than 70%. Summary In spite of its merger Air France KLM is still operating under its identity and brand name with their home bases located at Amsterdam airport Schiphol for KLM and Paris-Charles de Gaulle for Air France. The main core duties of the airline are to transport passengers, cargo and engineering and maintenance. As any other organization Air France KLM has the opportunities to grow much bigger and become the first largest airline company in the world. One group, two airlines, three businesses. CHAPTER 2 Organisational structure The pattern of relationship between various positions in the organization and among members of the organization is referred as structure. Organization is essentially a group of people with a common objective or goal to archive. The structure can either be formal i.e. documented or informal i.e. unofficial. Mullins (2007) defined, Organization Structure as the division of work among members of the organization, and the co ordination of their activities so they are directed towards the goals and objectives of the organization. It is the relationships among positions in the organization and among members of the organization. It makes possible the application of process of management and creates a framework of order and command through which the activities of the organization can be planned, organized, directed, and controlled. It defines tasks and responsibilities, work role and relationships, and channels of communication. Essentially there are various types of organizational structures depending on the nature of organization, such as centralized, complex, stratified and formalized structures. An effective structure is the one that coordinates various parts of the organization and different work areas. Meanwhile the structure of the organization can either be tall i.e. with a long hierarchical chain of command where the freedom and responsibility of the subordinates is restricted or flat i.e. with a short chain of command, there is more effective between management and workers but employees may have more than one manager. However both of two structures above are highly affected by the number of employees who reports direct to a certain manager that is Span of Control. Hellriegel et al (1998) explained that span of control refers to the number of employees reporting directly to one manager. When the span of control is broad, relatively few levels exists between the top and bottom of the organization. Co nversely when the span of control is narrow, more levels are required for the same number of employees. Although there is no correct number of subordinates that a manager can supervise effectively, the competencies of both the manager and employees, the similarity of tasks being supervised and the extent of rules and operating standards all influence a managers span of control. Consider the Air France and KLM corporate and social responsibility (SCR) organization structure CHAPTER 3 Organisational culture According to Hellriegel et al (1998), the organization itself has an invisible quality a certain style, a character, a way of doing things that may be more powerful than the dictates of any one person or any formal system. To understand the soul of the organization requires that we travel below the charts, rule books, machines, and buildings into the underground world of corporate cultures. Indeed there are several ways in which organizational cultures are formed, maintained and changed. Meanwhile there is a very possible relationship between organizational culture and performance, the relationship between organizational culture and ethical behavior, the challenge of managing a culturally diverse work force and finally how organizations socialize individuals to their particular cultures. There are several types of organization cultures, these includes labels of baseball team, club, academy and fortress. Organizational culture represents a complex pattern of beliefs, expectations, id eas, values, attitudes and behaviors shared by the members of an organization. More specifically, organizational culture includes routine behaviors, norms, and dominant values held by organization. CHAPTER 4 -Leadership and management As Hellriegel et al (1998), leadership is the process whereby a person influences others to achieve a goal, i.e. is a process of creating a vision for others and having the power to translate the vision into reality. The ways in which leaders attempt to influence others depend in part of the power available to them and in part on their competencies. Leaders draw on five sources of power to influence the actions of others: legitimate, reward, coercive, referent and expert. Vision, empowerment, meaning through communication and self understanding are the competencies that help leaders become more effective. CHAPTER 5 Team working For example, after KLM and Air France merged, management decided to create teams of people from both companies to exchange information about particular topics. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢The most valuable part is the intangible part, teaming up the guy from IT with the CRM guy from marketing, with the network planning guy, who normally dont speak together, explained Groeneveld. CHAPTER 6 Resourcing Air France-KLM rates as the sector leader on human resources issues and actively addresses all of the challenges relevant to its business. The Groups reporting on social dialogue and the extent of collective bargaining illustrate a culture of interaction with trade unions on both working and employment conditions, all embedded in the Ethics and Social Rights Charter, signed with all of its European trade unions, and by a wide range of collective bargaining agreements. The group has also allocated significant means to limit the impacts of restructuring. In terms of career management, AF-KLM has put increased emphasis on developing careers for older employees. Extensive means are put in place to deal with health and safety issues, although key performance indicators are not disclosed on a group-wide basis, but separately for AF and KLM. AF-KLM is one of the few companies who show transparency on how to deal with atypical working hours. Overall, AF-KLMs performance on human resources is sues remains stable (far above average) compared to the last rating. Against the backdrop of the recent combination, tough competition and tight margins, the main labour relations issues for the group are to develop employability and staff mobility, primarily through training and proactive social dialogue. Other major issues for the group involve promoting non discrimination, diversity, and equal opportunities, and safeguarding health and safety in the workplace. CHAPTER 7 Communication skills Cook et al (1997) describes that, communication begins when one person sends a message to another with the intent of evoking a response. The effective communication occurs when the receiver interprets the message exactly as the sender intended. Effective communication is essential for the functioning of any organization. Managers need to transmit orders, and polices, build cooperation and team spirit, and identify problems and their solutions. CHAPTER 8 Performance and Motivation Armstrong M (2006) defined, a motive is a reason for doing something. Motivation is concerned with the factors that influence people to behave in certain ways. All organizations are concerned with what should be done to achieve sustained high levels of performance through people. Giving close attention to the individuals can best be motivated through such means as incentives, rewards, leadership and importantly, the work they do and the organization context within which they carry out that work. Essentially motivation can take place in two ways; such as people can motivate themselves (intrinsic motivation) by seeking, finding and carrying out work that satisfies their needs and secondly people can be motivated by management (extrinsic motivation) through such methods as pay, praise, promotion and punishments such as disciplinary action CHAPTER 9 Management systems Earlier this year, Air France-KLM introduced a new combined executive management structure on a functional basis, replacing the separate management structures in Air France and KLM. In place of the Strategic Management Committee, which had supervised the development of Air France and KLM over 2004.2007, the business is being managed from 2007 through an Executive Committee whose members has a group level responsibility and can come from either Air France or KLM while retaining their responsibilities at a company level. The historic commitments of both companies, joint ambition and specific action plans CHAPTER 10 Management of change Hellriegel et al (1998) explained, many sectors of the economy, organizations must have the capacity to adapt quickly and effectively in order to survive. To a certain extent all organizations exist in a changing environment and are themselves constantly changing. Increasingly organizations that emphasize bureaucratic or mechanistic system are ineffective. Organizations with rigid hierarchies, high degrees of functional specialization, narrow and limited job descriptions, inflexible rules and procedures, and impersonal management cant respond adequately to demands for change. Organizations need designs that are flexible and adaptive. They also need systems that both require and allow greater commitment and use of talent on the part of employees and managers. Organisational change can be difficult and costly. Despite the challenges, many organizations successfully make needed changes. Adaptive, flexible organizations have a competitive advantage over rigid ones. Thus managing change has become a central focus of effective organization worldwide. There are so many pressures for change, these includes global market, the spread of information technology and computer networks and changes in the nature of the workforce employed by organizations.